{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225040550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","title":"Lookahead VANET Routing: Mobility-aware Deep Neural Network-based Vehicular Communications","display_name":"Lookahead VANET Routing: Mobility-aware Deep Neural Network-based Vehicular Communications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225040550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9709155/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9709155/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035131570","display_name":"Farooque Hassan Kumbhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8442-3072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8442-3072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farooque Hassan Kumbhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038980024","display_name":"Muhammad Shahid Jabbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-876X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-876X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahid Jabbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025891116","display_name":"Wessam Mesbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9124-0143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9124-0143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wessam Mesbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030170070","display_name":"Anis Elgabli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-2370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-2370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anis Elgabli","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087475730","display_name":"Sadam Al-Azani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-1196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-1196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadam Al-Azani","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-networks","display_name":"vehicular ad hoc networks","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-aware-routing","display_name":"mobility-aware routing","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-net","display_name":"U-Net","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-time-minimization","display_name":"transmission time minimization","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-delay","display_name":"end-to-end delay","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-delivery-ratio","display_name":"packet delivery ratio","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"outage probability","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-mobility","display_name":"high mobility","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.802299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6184999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29436982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3700557","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","level":5,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9709155/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9709155/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9709155/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225040550.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225040550.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972554313","https://openalex.org/W3019878669","https://openalex.org/W3048113965","https://openalex.org/W3080597100","https://openalex.org/W3099350657","https://openalex.org/W3118272270","https://openalex.org/W3126923446","https://openalex.org/W3128703869","https://openalex.org/W3129605949","https://openalex.org/W3154000601","https://openalex.org/W3210248126","https://openalex.org/W4205753963","https://openalex.org/W4210894942","https://openalex.org/W4285115430","https://openalex.org/W4313229384","https://openalex.org/W4361801022","https://openalex.org/W4380683984","https://openalex.org/W4383212263","https://openalex.org/W4389738735","https://openalex.org/W4389977225","https://openalex.org/W4391216152","https://openalex.org/W4405903921","https://openalex.org/W4411328437","https://openalex.org/W4414522783","https://openalex.org/W6963373711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007953558","https://openalex.org/W7128297287","https://openalex.org/W4389491009","https://openalex.org/W7217586341","https://openalex.org/W3108511256","https://openalex.org/W4414549224","https://openalex.org/W4411126031","https://openalex.org/W4411971272","https://openalex.org/W4410927290","https://openalex.org/W2914742901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Vehicular":[1],"ad":[2],"hoc":[3],"networks":[4],"(VANETs)":[5],"face":[6],"persistent":[7],"challenges":[8],"in":[9,112,158],"maintaining":[10],"reliable":[11],"message":[12],"routing":[13,45,75,111],"and":[14,105,135,151],"communication.":[15],"Existing":[16],"methods":[17],"often":[18],"rely":[19],"on":[20],"exhaustive":[21],"path":[22],"comparisons":[23],"or":[24],"excessive":[25],"control":[26],"messages,":[27],"making":[28],"them":[29],"unsuit-":[30],"able":[31],"for":[32],"high-mobility":[33],"environments.":[34],"Motivated":[35],"by":[36,132,139],"these":[37],"limitations,":[38],"a":[39,100],"Deep":[40],"neural":[41],"network":[42],"(DNN)-based":[43],"Lookahead":[44],"scheme":[46],"is":[47,70,83,103,145],"proposed":[48,104,125],"that":[49,123],"utilizes":[50],"local":[51,77],"spatial-temporal":[52],"information":[53],"to":[54,72,85,107,149,154],"enable":[55,73],"real-time,":[56],"globally":[57],"effcient":[58],"next-":[59],"hop":[60],"decisions.":[61],"A":[62],"novel":[63],"grid-based":[64],"representation":[65],"of":[66],"the":[67,124,142],"vehicular":[68,114],"environment":[69],"introduced":[71,84],"learning-based":[74,110],"using":[76],"observations.":[78],"First,":[79],"an":[80],"analytical":[81],"model":[82],"minimize":[86],"per-hop":[87],"transmission":[88],"time,":[89],"effectively":[90],"reducing":[91,117],"end-to-end":[92],"delay":[93],"without":[94],"requiring":[95],"global":[96],"topology":[97],"awareness.":[98],"Secondly,":[99],"U-Net-style":[101],"DNN":[102],"trained":[106],"perform":[108],"predictive,":[109],"dynamic":[113],"environments,":[115],"significantly":[116],"computational":[118],"overhead.":[119],"Empirical":[120],"evaluations":[121],"demonstrate":[122],"method":[126],"outper-":[127],"forms":[128],"two":[129],"state-of-the-art":[130],"baselines":[131],"increasing":[133],"throughput":[134],"packet":[136],"delivery":[137],"ratio":[138],"5-10%.":[140],"Additionally,":[141],"outage":[143],"probability":[144],"reduced":[146],"from":[147,152],"58%":[148],"45%":[150],"91%":[153],"82%,":[155],"demonstrating":[156],"robustness":[157],"high":[159],"mobility.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-02T00:00:00"}
