{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225035245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","title":"Pocket Phenomics: A Smartphone-based Framework for Quantifying Maize Architectural Traits in Field","display_name":"Pocket Phenomics: A Smartphone-based Framework for Quantifying Maize Architectural Traits in Field","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225035245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238883","display_name":"Smart Agricultural Technology","issn_l":"2772-3755","issn":["2772-3755"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Agricultural Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121658608","display_name":"Yiwei Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151456712","display_name":"Jiapeng Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiapeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125732376","display_name":"Botao Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Botao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146655825","display_name":"Huaxiong Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaxiong Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160305014","display_name":"Guozhong Xue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guozhong Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083190067","display_name":"Chengxiu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-4562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-4562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxiu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160290576","display_name":"Yingjie Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjie Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","National Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144366125","display_name":"Wenqiang Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","National Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160302694","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160318140","display_name":"Shu Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160322115","display_name":"Jianbing Yan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbing Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","National Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160302694","https://openalex.org/A5160318140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"],"apc_list":{"value":1770,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1770},"apc_paid":{"value":1770,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1770},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85147276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"102693","last_page":"102693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.020500000566244125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ear-height","display_name":"ear height","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-angle","display_name":"leaf angle","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-lidar","display_name":"smartphone LiDAR","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yolov8-object-detection","display_name":"YOLOv8 object detection","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-phenotyping","display_name":"field phenotyping","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-throughput-phenotyping","display_name":"high-throughput phenotyping","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60478076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036835","display_name":"Reference data","level":2,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150627866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076893","display_name":"Field of view","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150217764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803607","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172169","display_name":"3D city models","level":3,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238883","display_name":"Smart Agricultural Technology","issn_l":"2772-3755","issn":["2772-3755"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Agricultural Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2026.102693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238883","display_name":"Smart Agricultural Technology","issn_l":"2772-3755","issn":["2772-3755"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Agricultural Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1762918679","https://openalex.org/W2064341623","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2768431869","https://openalex.org/W2895453563","https://openalex.org/W2900732439","https://openalex.org/W2967866078","https://openalex.org/W2985954326","https://openalex.org/W3002058427","https://openalex.org/W3005941135","https://openalex.org/W3043365850","https://openalex.org/W3113125552","https://openalex.org/W3118871443","https://openalex.org/W3159000790","https://openalex.org/W3181078384","https://openalex.org/W3211863805","https://openalex.org/W3213371637","https://openalex.org/W3215554974","https://openalex.org/W4212928489","https://openalex.org/W4313825820","https://openalex.org/W4322761651","https://openalex.org/W4323265897","https://openalex.org/W4385824676","https://openalex.org/W4386491463","https://openalex.org/W4387974024","https://openalex.org/W4388759003","https://openalex.org/W4389166141","https://openalex.org/W4390120653","https://openalex.org/W4391707380","https://openalex.org/W4393246383","https://openalex.org/W4394564220","https://openalex.org/W4399163077","https://openalex.org/W4399235601","https://openalex.org/W4399567250","https://openalex.org/W4400234497","https://openalex.org/W4400337200","https://openalex.org/W4401111916","https://openalex.org/W4402951940","https://openalex.org/W4403146020","https://openalex.org/W4403258258","https://openalex.org/W4403572545","https://openalex.org/W4404600028","https://openalex.org/W4410280274","https://openalex.org/W4410883831","https://openalex.org/W4416191057","https://openalex.org/W7133197332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7127392475","https://openalex.org/W7128356382","https://openalex.org/W2900732439","https://openalex.org/W2944233871","https://openalex.org/W7204942470","https://openalex.org/W3217635639","https://openalex.org/W7106149494","https://openalex.org/W7204226532","https://openalex.org/W7128592457","https://openalex.org/W7139936080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"quantification":[1,86],"of":[2,87,129,156,215],"maize":[3,88,278],"architectural":[4,89,279],"traits,":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7,291],"ear":[8,115,219],"height":[9,116,220],"and":[10,21,46,73,106,117,132,137,188,208,229,274,304],"leaf":[11,118,232,259],"angle,":[12],"is":[13],"essential":[14],"for":[15,84,113,182,218,231,277,296],"breeding":[16,303],"density-adapted":[17],"ideotypes,":[18],"yet":[19],"high-throughput":[20,297],"traceable":[22],"field":[23,81,125,199,240,283],"phenotyping":[24,29,82,95,280],"remains":[25],"difficult.":[26],"Existing":[27],"3D":[28,74,158],"platforms":[30],"are":[31,44],"constrained":[32,152],"by":[33],"canopy":[34],"occlusion,":[35],"operational":[36,140],"complexity,":[37],"or":[38],"high":[39],"costs,":[40],"while":[41],"manual":[42,209],"measurements":[43],"labor-intensive":[45],"poorly":[47],"traceable.":[48],"To":[49,120],"bridge":[50],"this":[51,53,247,268],"gap,":[52],"study":[54,269],"developed":[55],"Pocket":[56],"Phenomics,":[57],"a":[58,79,138,161,174,179,191,271,292],"smartphone-based":[59],"framework":[60,276],"that":[61],"integrates":[62],"smartphone":[63,289],"RGB-D":[64,111],"acquisition,":[65],"dToF":[66],"error":[67,155],"characterization,":[68],"automated":[69],"organ":[70],"keypoint":[71],"detection,":[72],"geometric":[75],"trait":[76,169],"calculation":[77],"into":[78],"unified":[80],"workflow":[83],"in-field":[85],"traits.":[90],"Its":[91],"acquisition":[92,130],"module":[93,181],"(field":[94],"collection":[96],"system,":[97],"PP-FPCS)":[98],"uses":[99],"the":[100,127,153,282],"iPhone":[101],"direct":[102],"time-of-flight":[103],"LiDAR":[104,290],"sensor":[105],"ARKit":[107],"to":[108,165,196],"acquire":[109],"aligned":[110],"data":[112],"measuring":[114],"angle.":[119],"improve":[121],"depth":[122],"reliability":[123],"under":[124,186],"conditions,":[126],"effects":[128],"distance":[131],"camera":[133],"pose":[134],"were":[135],"quantified,":[136],"robust":[139,183],"protocol":[141],"was":[142],"established":[143],"(distance":[144],"\u2264":[145],"1.5":[146],"m,":[147],"pitch/yaw":[148],"within":[149],"\u00b130\u00b0),":[150],"which":[151],"relative":[154],"reconstructed":[157],"distances":[159],"on":[160],"planar":[162],"reference":[163],"target":[164],"below":[166],"10%.":[167],"The":[168],"extraction":[170],"pipeline":[171],"further":[172],"combines":[173],"YOLOv8":[175],"model":[176],"enhanced":[177],"with":[178,190,211,299],"Gather-and-Distribute":[180],"multi-scale":[184],"detection":[185],"occlusion":[187],"clutter":[189],"depth-based":[192],"background":[193],"removal":[194],"strategy":[195],"suppress":[197],"complex":[198],"backgrounds.":[200],"Field":[201],"validation":[202,241],"showed":[203],"good":[204],"agreement":[205],"between":[206],"smartphone-derived":[207],"measurements,":[210],"mean":[212,224],"absolute":[213],"errors":[214],"5.07":[216],"cm":[217],"(r":[221,234],"=":[222,235,252,255,262,265],"0.96;":[223],"bias":[225],"-":[226],"4.58":[227],"cm)":[228],"3.54\u00b0":[230],"angle":[233],"0.79).":[236],"A":[237],"temporally":[238],"independent":[239],"carried":[242],"out":[243],"in":[244,281,302],"2025":[245],"reproduced":[246],"performance":[248],"(ear":[249],"height:":[250],"r":[251,261],"0.98,":[253],"MAE":[254,264],"4.23":[256],"cm;":[257],"above-ear":[258],"angle:":[260],"0.89,":[263],"2.47\u00b0).":[266],"Overall,":[267],"provides":[270],"portable,":[272],"low-cost,":[273],"reproducible":[275],"and,":[284],"more":[285],"importantly,":[286],"demonstrates":[287],"consumer-grade":[288],"practical":[293],"sensing":[294],"tool":[295],"phenotyping,":[298],"potential":[300],"applications":[301],"precision":[305],"crop":[306],"management.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-11-02T00:00:00"}
