{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225016799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","title":"Assessing Employee Wellbeing and Retention Risk: An Integrated and Explainable Machine-Learning Decision-Support Framework Using Validated Psychometric Measures","display_name":"Assessing Employee Wellbeing and Retention Risk: An Integrated and Explainable Machine-Learning Decision-Support Framework Using Validated Psychometric Measures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225016799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","pdf_url":"https://jcmm.co.in/index.php/jcmm/article/download/1321/192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043543","display_name":"Journal of Computers Mechanical and Management","issn_l":"3009-075X","issn":["3009-075X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computers, Mechanical and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jcmm.co.in/index.php/jcmm/article/download/1321/192","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124310532","display_name":"Anand J","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand J","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Studies, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Studies, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160251653","display_name":"Kalai Lakshmi TR","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43814544","display_name":"Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01defpn95","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43814544"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalai Lakshmi TR","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management Studies, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management Studies, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43814544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160253279","display_name":"R Bharathi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Bharathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Management, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Management, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058516624","display_name":"Preethi Sheshadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4338-9825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4338-9825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138876546","display_name":"Vels University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tscx035","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138876546"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preethi Sheshadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management Studies, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4338-9825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management Studies, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138876546"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160258224","display_name":"M Sudha Paulin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Sudha Paulin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Commerce, SVKM NMIMS Global University, Dhule, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Commerce, SVKM NMIMS Global University, Dhule, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160276395","display_name":"B Sambath Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Sambath Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Studies, T.J.S. Engineering College, Gummidipoondi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Studies, T.J.S. Engineering College, Gummidipoondi, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90163503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"85","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13812","display_name":"AI and HR Technologies","score":0.8550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13812","display_name":"AI and HR Technologies","score":0.8550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.11309999972581863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11084","display_name":"Workplace Health and Well-being","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-well-being","display_name":"employee well-being","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-retention","display_name":"employee retention","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burnout","display_name":"burnout","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-life-balance","display_name":"work-life balance","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnover-intention","display_name":"turnover intention","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-demands-resources-model","display_name":"job demands-resources model","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-of-resources-theory","display_name":"conservation of resources theory","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support","display_name":"decision support","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-machine-learning","display_name":"explainable machine learning","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-hours","display_name":"working hours","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overtime","display_name":"overtime","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-support","display_name":"organizational support","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-measures","display_name":"psychometric measures","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copenhagen-burnout-inventory","display_name":"Copenhagen Burnout Inventory","score":0.800000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26077564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1910318","display_name":"Turnover","level":2,"score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5702000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.5406000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780407378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667022","display_name":"Overtime","level":2,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155663085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Workforce planning","level":3,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778215748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034525","display_name":"Work\u2013life balance","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","pdf_url":"https://jcmm.co.in/index.php/jcmm/article/download/1321/192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043543","display_name":"Journal of Computers Mechanical and Management","issn_l":"3009-075X","issn":["3009-075X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computers, Mechanical and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57159/jcmm.5.5.261321","pdf_url":"https://jcmm.co.in/index.php/jcmm/article/download/1321/192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043543","display_name":"Journal of Computers Mechanical and Management","issn_l":"3009-075X","issn":["3009-075X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computers, Mechanical and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225016799.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225016799.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003978304","https://openalex.org/W2010348352","https://openalex.org/W2038702827","https://openalex.org/W2038984978","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2121162332","https://openalex.org/W2127625785","https://openalex.org/W2144816256","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2160948541","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3016777775","https://openalex.org/W3180474055","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4248161867","https://openalex.org/W4317914406","https://openalex.org/W4318991809","https://openalex.org/W4353050783","https://openalex.org/W4379058167","https://openalex.org/W4390234303","https://openalex.org/W4390816463","https://openalex.org/W4394824488","https://openalex.org/W4399819793","https://openalex.org/W4399986269","https://openalex.org/W4400770820","https://openalex.org/W4402129395","https://openalex.org/W4405827914","https://openalex.org/W4405901258","https://openalex.org/W4408047551","https://openalex.org/W4408272254","https://openalex.org/W4409516537","https://openalex.org/W4410232374","https://openalex.org/W4410999255","https://openalex.org/W4412782809","https://openalex.org/W4412886609","https://openalex.org/W4414038137","https://openalex.org/W4416708401","https://openalex.org/W7083002092","https://openalex.org/W7117463622","https://openalex.org/W7122529321","https://openalex.org/W7128721874","https://openalex.org/W7129761270","https://openalex.org/W7133342018","https://openalex.org/W7135068571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126269019","https://openalex.org/W7164490940","https://openalex.org/W7216924107","https://openalex.org/W4230416595","https://openalex.org/W7196955219","https://openalex.org/W2947392332","https://openalex.org/W7198188940","https://openalex.org/W6903744429","https://openalex.org/W579805812","https://openalex.org/W6977437701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Employee":[0,226],"burnout,":[1],"poor":[2],"work-life":[3,67,139,153,213],"balance,":[4],"and":[5,17,35,48,70,76,80,104,138,149,152,162,171,190,192,197,210,212],"voluntary":[6],"turnover":[7,222],"are":[8,13,238],"costly":[9],"problems,":[10],"yet":[11],"they":[12],"usually":[14],"studied":[15],"separately":[16],"inferred":[18],"from":[19,141],"administrative":[20],"records":[21],"rather":[22,202,246],"than":[23,203,247],"measured":[24],"directly.":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27],"models":[28,241],"the":[29,61,65,71,117,128,175,207,216,230,236,240],"three":[30],"together,":[31],"explains":[32],"them":[33,37],"transparently,":[34],"translates":[36],"into":[38],"decision":[39],"support":[40,173],"within":[41],"one":[42],"framework.":[43],"Guided":[44],"by":[45,232],"Job":[46,164],"Demands-Resources":[47],"Conservation":[49],"of":[50,160,218],"Resources":[51],"theory,":[52],"we":[53],"surveyed":[54],"304":[55],"full-time":[56],"employees":[57,243],"in":[58],"India":[59],"using":[60],"Copenhagen":[62],"Burnout":[63,151],"Inventory,":[64],"Hayman":[66],"balance":[68,140,154,214],"scale,":[69],"six-item":[72],"Turnover":[73,114],"Intention":[74],"Scale,":[75],"established":[77],"job":[78],"demand":[79,208],"resource":[81],"measures.":[82],"All":[83],"scales":[84],"were":[85,98,155,174],"reliable":[86],"(Cronbach's":[87],"alpha":[88],"0.70":[89],"to":[90,147],"0.95).":[91],"For":[92],"each":[93],"outcome,":[94],"five":[95],"machine-learning":[96],"algorithms":[97],"benchmarked":[99],"under":[100,127],"repeated":[101],"five-fold":[102],"cross-validation":[103],"interpreted":[105],"with":[106],"Shapley":[107],"Additive":[108],"Explanations":[109],"computed":[110],"on":[111,221],"held-out":[112],"observations.":[113],"intention":[115],"was":[116],"most":[118],"learnable":[119],"outcome":[120],"(random":[121],"forest":[122],"R\u00b2":[123],"=":[124,134],"0.52;":[125],"area":[126],"receiver":[129],"operating":[130],"characteristic":[131],"curve":[132],"(ROC-AUC)":[133],"0.84);":[135],"removing":[136],"burnout":[137,211],"its":[142],"inputs":[143],"lowered":[144],"these":[145],"values":[146],"0.39":[148],"0.81.":[150],"modeled":[156],"moderately":[157],"well":[158],"(R\u00b2":[159],"0.36":[161],"0.40).":[163],"satisfaction,":[165],"weekly":[166,199],"working":[167,200,219],"hours,":[168,201],"overtime":[169],"frequency,":[170],"organizational":[172],"leading":[176],"controllable":[177],"drivers.":[178],"A":[179,224],"partial":[180],"least":[181],"squares":[182],"structural":[183],"equation":[184],"model":[185],"supported":[186,194],"H3,":[187],"H5,":[188],"H6,":[189],"H7":[191],"partially":[193],"H1,":[195],"H2,":[196],"H4:":[198],"perceived":[204],"workload,":[205],"carried":[206],"effect,":[209],"mediated":[215],"effect":[217],"conditions":[220],"intention.":[223],"provisional":[225],"Wellbeing-Retention":[227],"Index":[228],"tiered":[229],"workforce":[231],"combined":[233],"risk.":[234],"Because":[235],"data":[237],"cross-sectional,":[239],"identify":[242],"at":[244],"risk":[245],"forecasting":[248],"turnover.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-01T00:00:00"}