{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225014897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","title":"A remote sensing-based surface thermal stress index for assessing urban heat dynamics in Greater Cairo","display_name":"A remote sensing-based surface thermal stress index for assessing urban heat dynamics in Greater Cairo","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225014897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022915593","display_name":"Nesren Khairy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-3780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-3780"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nesren Khairy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048069975","display_name":"Mona S. Ramadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-255X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-255X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona S. Ramadan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062248974","display_name":"Abdallah Bakhit Saleh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Bakhit Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067737677","display_name":"Amany A. Elemam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amany A. Elemam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141094490","display_name":"Mayada Abd el kader","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayada Abd el kader","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006474313","display_name":"Ismail Y. Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-1669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-1669"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Y. Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056210172","display_name":"Hossam S. Khedr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossam Khedr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024551953","display_name":"Rasha H. Ramadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-1594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-1594"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha H. Ramadan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74307753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat","display_name":"urban heat","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-surface-temperature","display_name":"land surface temperature","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"NDVI","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ndbi","display_name":"NDBI","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"urban heat island","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"thermal comfort","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greater-cairo","display_name":"Greater Cairo","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landsat-8","display_name":"Landsat 8","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover-change","display_name":"land cover change","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-distribution","display_name":"population distribution","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6466000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987418964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242165","display_name":"Heat stress","level":2,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984335091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Thermal infrared","level":3,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994323764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Surface air temperature","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42683663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517834","display_name":"Mean radiant temperature","level":3,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187007274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256135","display_name":"Equivalent temperature","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34874656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171440688","https://openalex.org/W2969716483","https://openalex.org/W4403039767","https://openalex.org/W2783873679","https://openalex.org/W4412992988","https://openalex.org/W2601003229","https://openalex.org/W7214745647","https://openalex.org/W4353029298","https://openalex.org/W3215348159","https://openalex.org/W4386908063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"urban":[1],"growth":[2],"has":[3],"reshaped":[4],"surface":[5,23,49,141],"thermal":[6,54],"conditions":[7,50],"in":[8,35],"Greater":[9],"Cairo.":[10],"This":[11],"study":[12],"applies":[13],"a":[14,90,135],"Surface":[15],"Thermal":[16],"Stress":[17],"Index":[18],"(STSI)":[19],"integrating":[20],"normalised":[21],"land":[22],"temperature":[24],"(LST),":[25],"NDVI,":[26],"and":[27,41,64,123,130,146],"NDBI":[28],"from":[29,71,80,96],"Landsat":[30,124],"8":[31],"annual":[32],"composites":[33],"processed":[34],"Google":[36],"Earth":[37],"Engine":[38],"for":[39,138],"2015":[40,92],"2025.":[42],"Higher":[43],"STSI":[44,78,133],"values":[45],"indicate":[46],"more":[47],"favourable":[48],"rather":[51],"than":[52],"physiological":[53],"comfort.":[55],"Using":[56],"common":[57],"spatial":[58],"support,":[59],"fixed":[60,91],"pooled":[61],"normalisation":[62],"bounds,":[63],"weights":[65],"of":[66,100],"0.35/0.30/0.35,":[67],"mean":[68,77],"LST":[69],"decreased":[70],"33.61":[72],"to":[73,82,98],"31.62":[74],"\u00b0C,":[75],"while":[76],"increased":[79],"0.44646":[81],"0.48248.":[83],"The":[84],"lowest":[85],"score":[86],"class,":[87],"defined":[88],"by":[89],"quintile":[93],"cutoff,":[94],"contracted":[95],"20.00%":[97],"5.23%":[99],"the":[101,109],"area.":[102],"Alternative-weight":[103],"maps":[104,145],"remained":[105],"strongly":[106],"correlated":[107],"with":[108],"baseline":[110],"(r":[111],"=":[112],"0.984\u20130.999),":[113],"although":[114],"priority-area":[115],"boundaries":[116],"varied.":[117],"Year-matched":[118],"population":[119],"overlays,":[120],"MODIS":[121],"comparisons,":[122],"land-cover":[125],"transitions":[126],"provide":[127],"demographic,":[128],"thermal,":[129],"land-surface":[131],"context.":[132],"offers":[134],"reproducible":[136],"framework":[137],"preliminary":[139],"daytime":[140],"screening":[142],"alongside":[143],"component":[144],"sensitivity":[147],"results.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-11-01T00:00:00"}