{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225002632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118866","title":"Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Associated With Birth and Death Registration in India: A Secondary Analysis of the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21)","display_name":"Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Associated With Birth and Death Registration in India: A Secondary Analysis of the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225002632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.118866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118866","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/508278-socioeconomic-and-demographic-factors-associated-with-birth-and-death-registration-in-india-a-secondary-analysis-of-the-national-family-health-survey-5-2019-21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/508278-socioeconomic-and-demographic-factors-associated-with-birth-and-death-registration-in-india-a-secondary-analysis-of-the-national-family-health-survey-5-2019-21.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103132556","display_name":"Ajay Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9393-9907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9393-9907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186246823","display_name":"University of Lucknow","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdeag60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Population Research Center , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Population Research Center , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155716039","display_name":"Richa Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186246823","display_name":"University of Lucknow","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdeag60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137148","display_name":"National Institution for Transforming India Aayog","ror":"https://ror.org/036e9v691","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137148"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richa Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Population Research Center , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , IND",". Research, National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (Autonomous Institute Under NITI Aayog) , New Delhi , IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Population Research Center , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Research, National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (Autonomous Institute Under NITI Aayog) , New Delhi , IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137148"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89269804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12728","display_name":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","score":0.014399999752640724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-registration","display_name":"birth registration","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/death-registration","display_name":"death registration","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-registration","display_name":"civil registration","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/under-registration","display_name":"under-registration","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-poverty","display_name":"absolute poverty","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-index","display_name":"wealth index","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-residence","display_name":"rural residence","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-identity","display_name":"legal identity","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-mortality","display_name":"child mortality","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nfhs-5","display_name":"NFHS-5","score":0.9139999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8715000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.6906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6894999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6668000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.482699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778279030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543380","display_name":"Live birth","level":3,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779271867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322263","display_name":"Place of birth","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908892503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339474","display_name":"Maternal death","level":3,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112299071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835884","display_name":"Infant mortality","level":3,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.118866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118866","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/508278-socioeconomic-and-demographic-factors-associated-with-birth-and-death-registration-in-india-a-secondary-analysis-of-the-national-family-health-survey-5-2019-21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.118866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118866","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/508278-socioeconomic-and-demographic-factors-associated-with-birth-and-death-registration-in-india-a-secondary-analysis-of-the-national-family-health-survey-5-2019-21.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225002632.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225002632.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891468648","https://openalex.org/W2108038224","https://openalex.org/W2139549655","https://openalex.org/W2975040524","https://openalex.org/W2980849143","https://openalex.org/W2981236590","https://openalex.org/W2996651809","https://openalex.org/W2998200830","https://openalex.org/W3045756648","https://openalex.org/W3083522334","https://openalex.org/W3085326307","https://openalex.org/W3119652897","https://openalex.org/W3125984128","https://openalex.org/W3197688432","https://openalex.org/W3198310166","https://openalex.org/W3204185292","https://openalex.org/W4214840020","https://openalex.org/W4226109480","https://openalex.org/W4284897120","https://openalex.org/W4318816293","https://openalex.org/W4389178883","https://openalex.org/W4389615491","https://openalex.org/W4392750750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287837138","https://openalex.org/W4318816293","https://openalex.org/W3197688432","https://openalex.org/W4293865287","https://openalex.org/W7165363305","https://openalex.org/W2947943703","https://openalex.org/W4414217682","https://openalex.org/W7214168824","https://openalex.org/W4401650761","https://openalex.org/W2996651809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Complete":[1],"registration":[2,39,155,161,181,265,283],"of":[3,54,179,232,253,259,298],"births":[4],"and":[5,12,30,37,98,135,158,245,263,272,276,292,304],"deaths":[6,80],"underpins":[7],"legal":[8,16],"identity,":[9],"demographic":[10,31],"analysis,":[11],"health":[13],"planning.Despite":[14],"a":[15,50],"mandate":[17],"in":[18,40,82,166,296,306],"India,":[19,41],"under-registration":[20],"persists,":[21],"particularly":[22],"among":[23,184],"socioeconomically":[24],"disadvantaged":[25],"groups.This":[26],"study":[27],"examines":[28],"socioeconomic":[29],"factors":[32],"associated":[33,227,249,280],"with":[34,42,140,147,172,228,250,281],"reported":[35,159,261],"birth":[36,154,180,233,262],"death":[38,160,208,239,264],"particular":[43],"attention":[44],"to":[45,112,115,129,133],"absolute":[46,312],"poverty.Methods:":[47],"This":[48],"is":[49],"secondary":[51,257],"cross-sectional":[52,300],"analysis":[53,258],"the":[55,83,87,92,148,173,176,185,210,299],"National":[56],"Family":[57],"Health":[58],"Survey-5":[59],"(NFHS-5,":[60],"2019-21).The":[61],"birth-registration":[62],"sample":[63,75],"comprised":[64,76],"de":[65],"jure":[66],"children":[67],"under":[68],"five":[69],"years":[70,85],"(N":[71,77],"=":[72,78],"224,226).The":[73],"death-registration":[74],"79,449)":[79],"occurring":[81],"three":[84],"preceding":[86],"survey.Individuals":[88],"were":[89,110,138,145,182,213,279],"ranked":[90],"by":[91,267],"continuous":[93],"NFHS":[94],"asset-based":[95],"wealth":[96],"score,":[97],"World":[99],"Bank":[100],"poverty":[101,313],"headcount":[102],"ratios":[103],"for":[104,169],"India":[105],"(2021":[106],"purchasing-power":[107],"parity,":[108],"PPP)":[109],"used":[111],"assign":[113],"households":[114],"four":[116],"mutually":[117],"exclusive":[118],"categories:":[119],"extremely":[120,174],"poor":[121,127,186],"(<$3.00":[122],"per":[123,125],"person":[124],"day),":[126],"($3.00":[128],"<$4.20),":[130],"middle":[131],"($4.20":[132],"<$8.30),":[134],"non-poor":[136,202],"(\u2265$8.30).Associations":[137],"estimated":[139],"multivariable":[141],"logistic":[142],"regression.All":[143],"estimates":[144],"weighted":[146],"NFHS-5":[149],"household":[150,268],"sampling":[151],"weight.Results:":[152],"Reported":[153],"was":[156,162,164,226,248],"89.1%,":[157],"70.6%.Registration":[163],"lower":[165,229,282],"poorer":[167],"categories":[168],"both":[170],"outcomes.Compared":[171],"poor,":[175],"adjusted":[177,230],"odds":[178,188,231,252],"higher":[183,246,251],"(adjusted":[187],"ratio":[189],"(AOR)":[190],"1.44,":[191],"95%":[192,199,205,236,242],"confidence":[193],"interval":[194],"(CI)":[195],"1.38-1.51),middle":[196],"(AOR":[197,203,234,240],"2.48,":[198],"CI":[200,206,216,219,223,237,243],"2.37-2.60),and":[201],"4.36,":[204],"4.01-4.73)categories.For":[207],"registration,":[209],"corresponding":[211],"AORs":[212],"1.36":[214],"(95%":[215,218,222],"1.28-1.46),2.64":[217],"2.47-2.82),and":[220],"5.28":[221],"4.82-5.78).Rural":[224],"residence":[225,278],"0.82,":[235],"0.78-0.86)and":[238],"0.67,":[241],"0.64-0.70)registration,":[244],"education":[247],"both.Conclusions:":[254],"In":[255],"this":[256],"NFHS-5,":[260],"varied":[266],"economic":[269,274],"position,":[270],"education,":[271],"residence.Lower":[273],"position":[275],"rural":[277],"after":[284],"covariate":[285],"adjustment.These":[286],"are":[287],"associations,":[288],"not":[289],"causal":[290],"effects,":[291],"should":[293],"be":[294],"interpreted":[295],"light":[297],"design,":[301],"self-reported":[302],"outcomes,":[303],"uncertainty":[305],"translating":[307],"an":[308],"asset":[309],"index":[310],"into":[311],"categories.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-01T00:00:00"}