{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225002506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","title":"The Stratigraphic Overlay Model: Synthesizing the Andean Stratigraphic Ledger, Cross-Cultural Predynastic Timelines, and the Anthropological Record (Norte Chico)","display_name":"The Stratigraphic Overlay Model: Synthesizing the Andean Stratigraphic Ledger, Cross-Cultural Predynastic Timelines, and the Anthropological Record (Norte Chico)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225002506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159153065","display_name":"R.L. Wesley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R.L. Wesley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159153065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.6083999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.6083999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14506","display_name":"Historical and Architectural Studies","score":0.12269999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12283","display_name":"Latin American history and culture","score":0.06499999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norte-chico","display_name":"Norte Chico","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiocarbon-chronology","display_name":"radiocarbon chronology","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoclimate","display_name":"paleoclimate","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/andean-coast","display_name":"Andean coast","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109281948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134783","display_name":"Stratigraphy","level":3,"score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504846192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13703","display_name":"Mesoamerica","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181536285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130788","display_name":"Chronology","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150999391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509037","display_name":"Terrane","level":3,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50050167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4300498","display_name":"Slumping","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198647972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44475","display_name":"Spear","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100134115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173412","display_name":"Radiocarbon dating","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73707237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102416","display_name":"Cenozoic","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93257316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7514925","display_name":"Siliciclastic","level":4,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84859931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150784","display_name":"Canyon","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76123530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2048517","display_name":"Paleosol","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31858485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782","display_name":"Excavation","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.17613/7gtam-73610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/7gtam-73610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/7gtam-73610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.17613/d6p3b-kff19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/d6p3b-kff19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/d6p3b-kff19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/3bbkg-qjg14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6993128965","https://openalex.org/W102531335","https://openalex.org/W617098319","https://openalex.org/W2315789338","https://openalex.org/W2883793738","https://openalex.org/W7030590958","https://openalex.org/W4407280630","https://openalex.org/W2993441390","https://openalex.org/W1591061618","https://openalex.org/W7008036520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"applies":[2],"the":[3,9,18,22,27,48,73,85,117,120,125,130,151,158,179],"AOR":[4],"Forensic":[5],"Methodology\u2122":[6],"(AFM)":[7],"and":[8,64,98,220],"Andean":[10,23,126,170],"Coast":[11],"Stratigraphic":[12,49],"Overlay":[13,50],"Model":[14,51,163],"(AC-SOM)":[15],"to":[16,46,135],"decode":[17],"physical":[19,56,121],"evolution":[20],"of":[21,192,206],"pristine":[24],"cradle.":[25],"Because":[26],"South":[28],"American":[29],"matrix":[30,78,127,185],"lacks":[31],"a":[32,104,111,137,182],"surviving":[33],"translated":[34],"written":[35],"chronology":[36],"or":[37,197,209],"formalized":[38],"macro-astronomical":[39],"calendar,":[40],"this":[41,165],"analysis":[42],"bypasses":[43],"narrative":[44],"reconstruction":[45],"deploy":[47],"relying":[52],"strictly":[53,102],"on":[54],"Tier-1":[55],"stratigraphy,":[57],"paleogenomic":[58],"continuity,":[59],"localized":[60],"paleo-climatological":[61],"friction":[62,133],"points,":[63],"secure":[65],"radiocarbon":[66],"anchors.":[67],"The":[68],"verifiable":[69],"ledger":[70],"permanently":[71],"isolates":[72],"preceramic":[74],"Norte":[75],"Chico":[76],"(Caral-Supe)":[77],"(c.":[79],"3500":[80],"\u2013":[81],"1800":[82,217],"BCE)":[83],"as":[84],"continental":[86],"genesis":[87],"point,":[88],"demonstrating":[89],"that":[90,124,169,186],"founding":[91],"indigenous":[92],"populations":[93],"engineered":[94],"multi-valley":[95],"monumental":[96,188],"statecraft":[97,189],"base-10":[99],"quipu":[100],"administration":[101],"through":[103],"hyper-efficient":[105],"marine-industrial":[106],"extraction":[107],"loop.":[108],"By":[109],"executing":[110],"strict":[112],"biological":[113,132],"A/B":[114],"test":[115],"against":[116,157],"Mesoamerican":[118],"dataset,":[119],"data":[122],"demonstrates":[123],"entirely":[128],"bypassed":[129],"multi-millennial":[131],"required":[134],"engineer":[136],"terrestrial":[138],"caloric":[139],"baseline":[140],"(Zea":[141],"mays),":[142],"scaling":[143],"into":[144],"centralized":[145],"urbanization":[146,176],"nearly":[147],"two":[148],"millennia":[149],"before":[150],"Olmec":[152],"structural":[153],"genesis.":[154],"Synchronized":[155],"directly":[156],"foundational":[159],"Mesopotamian":[160],"Sexagesimal":[161],"Reduction":[162],"(SRM),":[164],"synthesis":[166],"mathematically":[167],"verifies":[168],"output":[171],"velocities":[172],"parallel":[173],"Old":[174,193],"World":[175,194],"cycles.":[177],"Ultimately,":[178],"stratigraphy":[180],"confirms":[181],"synchronized":[183],"civilizational":[184],"mastered":[187],"completely":[190],"independent":[191],"agricultural,":[195],"ceramic,":[196],"martial":[198],"prerequisites":[199],"operating":[200],"in":[201],"unbroken":[202],"socioeconomic":[203],"equilibrium":[204],"devoid":[205],"defensive":[207],"embankments":[208],"warfare":[210],"for":[211],"1,700":[212],"years":[213],"until":[214],"its":[215],"terminal":[216],"BCE":[218],"tectonic":[219],"El":[221],"Ni\u00f1o":[222],"eco-fracture.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-01T00:00:00"}