{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225002221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","title":"Contradictory effects of basalt fiber on chloride transport in concrete: a scopus-centered systematic review and study-level quantitative synthesis","display_name":"Contradictory effects of basalt fiber on chloride transport in concrete: a scopus-centered systematic review and study-level quantitative synthesis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225002221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76836-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76836-8_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057578694","display_name":"Fahid Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-3283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-3283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahid Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160263493","display_name":"Muhammad Faisal Javed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Faisal Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056073026","display_name":"Muhammad Rehan Sadiq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rehan Sadiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Specialist, STV Inc, 5750 Genesis Court, Suite 200, Frisco, TX, 75034-4163, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Specialist, STV Inc, 5750 Genesis Court, Suite 200, Frisco, TX, 75034-4163, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114820589","display_name":"Afaq Ahmad Durrani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158008","display_name":"Michael Baker International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05jnv7j09","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158008"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afaq Ahmad Durrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michael Baker International, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michael Baker International, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160253417","display_name":"Mohammed Jameel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Jameel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014371485","display_name":"Abdulaziz M. Alaskar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0484-9939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0484-9939","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-8692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulaziz Alaskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073579177","display_name":"Furqan Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-2174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-2174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337769664","display_name":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees","ror":"https://ror.org/0437ej039","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1337769664","https://openalex.org/I2801247003"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Furqan Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Kabul, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337769664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073579177","https://openalex.org/A5160263493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337769664","https://openalex.org/I72264486"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61111111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0575999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basalt-fiber","display_name":"basalt fiber","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-reinforced-concrete","display_name":"fiber-reinforced concrete","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-transport","display_name":"chloride transport","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-chloride-permeability","display_name":"rapid chloride permeability","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-diffusion","display_name":"chloride diffusion","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-migration","display_name":"chloride migration","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-concentration","display_name":"chloride concentration","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-penetration-depth","display_name":"chloride penetration depth","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-dosage","display_name":"fiber dosage","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-relationship","display_name":"dose-response relationship","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-durability","display_name":"concrete durability","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900","display_name":"Chloride","level":2,"score":0.6722000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32587265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182260","display_name":"Data deduplication","level":2,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120882062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","level":3,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161509811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43338","display_name":"Basalt","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983685735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227355","display_name":"Data source","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76836-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76836-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76836-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225002221.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225002221.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001994823","https://openalex.org/W2118522007","https://openalex.org/W2188415919","https://openalex.org/W2733305122","https://openalex.org/W2884064110","https://openalex.org/W2955614447","https://openalex.org/W2963573066","https://openalex.org/W3003228886","https://openalex.org/W3033296475","https://openalex.org/W3150133647","https://openalex.org/W3209915573","https://openalex.org/W4210754574","https://openalex.org/W4292260058","https://openalex.org/W4301398463","https://openalex.org/W4311361817","https://openalex.org/W4313498013","https://openalex.org/W4377990377","https://openalex.org/W4389780857","https://openalex.org/W4390171811","https://openalex.org/W4392453327","https://openalex.org/W4408921084","https://openalex.org/W4413951016","https://openalex.org/W4416647130","https://openalex.org/W7117144821","https://openalex.org/W7160107534","https://openalex.org/W7163675446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3150133647","https://openalex.org/W2955614447","https://openalex.org/W2999238104","https://openalex.org/W4311361817","https://openalex.org/W3209020727","https://openalex.org/W4392453327","https://openalex.org/W2371567844","https://openalex.org/W2736148817","https://openalex.org/W2068733981","https://openalex.org/W4412439838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Basalt":[0],"fiber":[1],"(BF)":[2],"can":[3],"improve,":[4],"worsen,":[5],"or":[6],"reverse":[7],"chloride":[8,20,122],"transport":[9],"in":[10,142],"concrete.":[11],"We":[12],"systematically":[13],"assessed":[14],"matched":[15],"BF-only":[16],"contrasts":[17],"across":[18],"rapid":[19],"permeability":[21],"(RCPT),":[22],"diffusion,":[23],"migration,":[24],"chloride-content,":[25],"and":[26,57,101,149,157,172],"penetration-depth":[27],"outcomes,":[28],"treating":[29],"each":[30],"experimental":[31],"program":[32,76],"as":[33],"independent.":[34],"Scopus":[35],"was":[36,66,170,191],"searched":[37],"on":[38],"30":[39],"August":[40],"2026":[41],"with":[42],"three":[43],"queries":[44],"(1,108":[45],"records);":[46],"normalized":[47],"exact-title":[48],"deduplication":[49],"left":[50],"874":[51],"records":[52],"for":[53],"screening.":[54],"Reporting":[55],"completeness":[56],"extraction":[58],"provenance":[59],"were":[60,83,127,152,166],"appraised;":[61],"no":[62],"validated":[63],"risk-of-bias":[64],"tool":[65],"used.":[67],"The":[68,168],"final":[69],"dataset":[70],"contained":[71],"125":[72],"effects":[73,87,103],"from":[74],"24":[75],"clusters":[77],"(26":[78],"reports);":[79],"17":[80],"sought":[81],"reports":[82],"not":[84,173],"retrieved.":[85],"RCPT":[86],"averaged":[88,104],"B":[89,105,114],"=":[90,106,115],"0.039":[91],"(14":[92],"clusters;":[93,109],"95%":[94],"cluster-bootstrap":[95,145],"interval":[96],"\u2212":[97,116],"0.142":[98],"to":[99,111],"0.209),":[100],"diffusion":[102],"0.047":[107],"(7":[108],"\u22120.184":[110],"0.298);":[112],"positive":[113],"ln(BF/control)":[117],"indicates":[118],"a":[119,138,179],"lower":[120],"measured":[121],"indicator.":[123],"Smaller":[124],"outcome":[125],"families":[126],"descriptive.":[128],"An":[129],"exploratory":[130],"normalized-dose":[131],"model":[132],"(12":[133],"studies,":[134],"79":[135],"rows)":[136],"yielded":[137],"concave":[139],"interior":[140],"maximum":[141],"52.3%":[143],"of":[144],"samples,":[146],"but":[147],"coefficient":[148],"turning-point":[150],"intervals":[151],"broad.":[153],"One":[154],"author":[155],"screened":[156],"extracted":[158],"data":[159],"without":[160],"independent":[161],"duplicate":[162],"review;":[163],"within-condition":[164],"variances":[165],"unavailable.":[167],"review":[169],"Scopus-only":[171],"prospectively":[174],"registered.":[175],"Results":[176],"support":[177],"neither":[178],"transferable":[180],"BF":[181],"dosage":[182],"optimum":[183],"nor":[184],"causal":[185],"test-method":[186],"effects.":[187],"No":[188],"external":[189],"funding":[190],"received.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-01T00:00:00"}
