{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225002012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","title":"Rural\u2013urban differences in disease activity and vitamin D status in ankylosing spondylitis","display_name":"Rural\u2013urban differences in disease activity and vitamin D status in ankylosing spondylitis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225002012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","pdf_url":"https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/17020/10971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764440867","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2320-6012","issn":["2320-6012","2320-6071"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/17020/10971","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032732833","display_name":"Kuldeep Deka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-2692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-2692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83844774","display_name":"Assam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4p5q74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuldeep Deka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058653309","display_name":"Prasanta Dihingia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8104-2328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8104-2328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83844774","display_name":"Assam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4p5q74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasanta Dihingia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038138069","display_name":"Rima Moni Doley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83844774","display_name":"Assam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4p5q74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rima Moni Doley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072454808","display_name":"Daisy Doley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6011-6054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6011-6054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83844774","display_name":"Assam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4p5q74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisy Doley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160263032","display_name":"Suramita Chanda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83844774","display_name":"Assam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4p5q74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suramita Chanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093336905","display_name":"Ashim Chamuah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83844774","display_name":"Assam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4p5q74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashim Chamuah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83844774"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86707928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"5131","last_page":"5136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11092","display_name":"Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11092","display_name":"Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11571","display_name":"Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankylosing-spondylitis","display_name":"ankylosing spondylitis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-status","display_name":"vitamin D status","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-activity","display_name":"disease activity","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bath-ankylosing-spondylitis-disease-activity-index","display_name":"BASDAI","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asdas","display_name":"ASDAS","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-exposure","display_name":"sun exposure","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northeast-india","display_name":"Northeast India","score":0.7910000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52849","display_name":"Ankylosing spondylitis","level":2,"score":0.9315999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.7857000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777453003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4834648","display_name":"BASDAI","level":4,"score":0.7616000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779740938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4138762","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","level":3,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779650986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165411","display_name":"Spondylitis","level":3,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020081911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3918988","display_name":"Serum concentration","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994204100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690942","display_name":"Sun exposure","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","pdf_url":"https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/17020/10971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764440867","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2320-6012","issn":["2320-6012","2320-6071"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20264168","pdf_url":"https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/17020/10971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764440867","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2320-6012","issn":["2320-6012","2320-6071"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225002012.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225002012.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977598211","https://openalex.org/W1997576758","https://openalex.org/W2046609411","https://openalex.org/W2073273015","https://openalex.org/W2137303237","https://openalex.org/W2150113496","https://openalex.org/W2153059487","https://openalex.org/W2156605473","https://openalex.org/W2474510828","https://openalex.org/W2599076725","https://openalex.org/W4210974969","https://openalex.org/W4211203343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089272667","https://openalex.org/W3074045612","https://openalex.org/W2062151018","https://openalex.org/W4379802354","https://openalex.org/W2550686542","https://openalex.org/W176050848","https://openalex.org/W1967183001","https://openalex.org/W4309666028","https://openalex.org/W4241665416","https://openalex.org/W2556109666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Vitamin":[1,132,209],"D":[2,28,41,80,133,193,210,232],"has":[3],"important":[4],"immunomodulatory":[5],"effects":[6],"and":[7,22,43,74,96,99,109,136,144,157,174,178,204,214],"may":[8,25,233],"influence":[9],"disease":[10,44,166,219],"activity":[11,45,90,167],"in":[12,18,50,141,155,172,186,236],"ankylosing":[13],"spondylitis":[14],"(AS).":[15],"Rural\u2013urban":[16],"differences":[17,185,225],"sunlight":[19],"exposure,":[20],"diet,":[21],"healthcare":[23],"access":[24],"affect":[26],"vitamin":[27,40,192,231],"status.":[29],"This":[30,54],"study":[31,57],"evaluated":[32],"the":[33,63,105],"impact":[34],"of":[35,146,176,230,241],"residential":[36,242],"background":[37],"on":[38],"serum":[39,150],"levels":[42,138,152,194],"among":[46],"patients":[47,61,237],"with":[48,124,182,199,217,238],"AS":[49,69,239],"Northeast":[51],"India.":[52],"Methods:":[53],"cross-sectional":[55],"observational":[56],"included":[58],"40":[59],"consecutive":[60],"fulfilling":[62],"ASAS":[64],"2009":[65],"classification":[66],"criteria":[67],"for":[68],"at":[70],"Assam":[71],"Medical":[72],"College":[73],"Hospital,":[75],"Dibrugarh":[76],"(2024\u20132025).":[77],"Serum":[78,191],"25-hydroxyvitamin":[79],"[25(OH)D]":[81],"was":[82,91,121,170,212],"measured":[83],"by":[84],"enzyme-linked":[85],"fluorescent":[86],"assay":[87],"(ELFA).":[88],"Disease":[89],"assessed":[92,112],"using":[93,104,113],"BASDAI,":[94,200],"ASDAS-ESR,":[95,201],"ASDAS-CRP.":[97],"Rural":[98],"urban":[100,158,179],"groups":[101,159],"were":[102,111,128,139,153,226],"compared":[103],"Mann\u2013Whitney":[106],"U":[107],"test,":[108],"correlations":[110,198],"Spearman's":[114],"rank":[115],"correlation.":[116],"Results:":[117],"The":[118],"mean":[119],"age":[120],"41.1\u00b114.1":[122],"years,":[123],"55%":[125],"males;":[126],"62.5%":[127],"from":[129],"rural":[130,156,177],"areas.":[131],"deficiency,":[134],"insufficiency,":[135],"normal":[137],"observed":[140],"45%,":[142],"32.5%,":[143],"22.5%":[145],"patients,":[147,180],"respectively.":[148],"Mean":[149],"25(OH)D":[151],"similar":[154],"(15.3\u00b15.8":[160],"vs.":[161],"14.7\u00b16.1":[162],"ng/mL;":[163],"p=0.715).":[164],"High":[165],"(BASDAI":[168],"\u22654)":[169],"present":[171],"76.0%":[173],"80.0%":[175],"respectively,":[181],"no":[183,222],"significant":[184,196,223],"BASDAI":[187],"or":[188],"ASDAS-ESR":[189],"scores.":[190],"showed":[195],"negative":[197],"ASDAS-CRP,":[202],"ESR,":[203],"CRP":[205],"(all":[206],"p<0.001).":[207],"Conclusions:":[208],"deficiency":[211],"common":[213],"strongly":[215],"associated":[216],"higher":[218],"activity,":[220],"although":[221],"rural\u2013urban":[224],"observed.":[227],"Routine":[228],"assessment":[229],"be":[234],"beneficial":[235],"irrespective":[240],"background.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-01T00:00:00"}
