{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224997331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","title":"Relationships between patient safety culture, organizational structure, and adverse event reporting in long-term care facilities","display_name":"Relationships between patient safety culture, organizational structure, and adverse event reporting in long-term care facilities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224997331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058718781","display_name":"Jakub \u015awitalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-8094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-8094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I268303160","display_name":"Medical University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2y4s44","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jakub \u015awitalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ethics and Medical Law, Center for the Humanities and Social Sciences in Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14a St, Warsaw, 00-581, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ethics and Medical Law, Center for the Humanities and Social Sciences in Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14a St, Warsaw, 00-581, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026051935","display_name":"Dagmara Karauda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dagmara Karauda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy Programs, Department of Healthcare Services, Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, 00-032, Poland","School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, Warsaw, 01-826, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy Programs, Department of Healthcare Services, Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, 00-032, Poland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, Warsaw, 01-826, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066833228","display_name":"Anna Augustynowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-5900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-5900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148240","display_name":"Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m9nwf24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Augustynowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, 30-705, Poland","School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, Warsaw, 01-826, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, 30-705, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148240"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, Warsaw, 01-826, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058718781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89733242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11376","display_name":"Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety-culture","display_name":"patient safety culture","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-care-facilities","display_name":"long-term care facilities","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-homes","display_name":"nursing homes","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-event-reporting","display_name":"adverse event reporting","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-structure","display_name":"organizational structure","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staffing-levels","display_name":"staffing levels","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-certification","display_name":"quality certification","score":0.9769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.7088000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777512617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783605","display_name":"Staffing","level":2,"score":0.6880999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.5856000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1561274","display_name":"Safety culture","level":2,"score":0.5141000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518773536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918533","display_name":"Nursing research","level":2,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781385661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677918","display_name":"Acute care","level":3,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780344248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2084130","display_name":"Nursing management","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777896191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907655","display_name":"Patient experience","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984889486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing care","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909164965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6014597","display_name":"Incident report","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16013-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322412","display_name":"Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2y4s44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411010601","https://openalex.org/W7042483913","https://openalex.org/W4292260522","https://openalex.org/W4386801243","https://openalex.org/W3042635352","https://openalex.org/W64828467","https://openalex.org/W2892174204","https://openalex.org/W7212020138","https://openalex.org/W2632818297","https://openalex.org/W2087341232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,110],"fundamental":[1],"pillar":[2],"of":[3,21,60,70,85,96,105,123,162,168,177,183,190,197,208,235,246,253,299,327],"healthcare":[4],"institutions,":[5],"including":[6],"long-term":[7,39,116],"care":[8,40,117],"facilities":[9,41,118,218,241,260],"(Care":[10],"and":[11,15,23,64,74,100,171,193,263,302,320],"Treatment":[12],"Facilities;":[13],"Nursing":[14,139],"Care":[16],"Facilities),":[17],"is":[18,30,313],"the":[19,33,45,55,58,68,81,89,94,103,120,138,160,166,175,181,184,188,194,201,216,222,226,230,258,282,297,305,325],"assurance":[20],"high-quality":[22],"safe":[24],"care.":[25],"This":[26],"study\u2019s":[27],"primary":[28],"objective":[29],"to":[31,92,101,153,295,315],"evaluate":[32],"patient":[34,61,209,254,309],"safety":[35,62,210,255,310],"culture":[36,63,211],"within":[37],"Polish":[38],"as":[42,67,78,80],"perceived":[43],"by":[44,134],"staff":[46,214,248,301],"employed":[47,127],"in":[48,119,215,229,271,281],"these":[49],"settings.":[50],"Specific":[51],"objectives":[52],"include":[53],"analysing":[54],"relationship":[56],"between":[57],"level":[59,252],"factors":[65,306],"such":[66],"number":[69,161,167,196,245],"places":[71,163],"for":[72,131,164],"residents":[73],"medical":[75,135,172,247,300],"personnel":[76],"employed,":[77,174],"well":[79],"presence":[82],"or":[83],"absence":[84],"quality":[86,179],"certification.":[87],"Additionally,":[88],"study":[90,112,126,290],"aims":[91],"determine":[93],"method":[95,189],"reporting":[97,191,326],"adverse":[98,185,268,279,328],"events":[99,106,198,280],"identify":[102],"types":[104],"that":[107,307,323],"are":[108],"reported.":[109],"cross-sectional":[111],"was":[113,151],"conducted":[114],"across":[115],"Mazovian":[121],"Province":[122],"Poland.":[124],"The":[125,205,285],"a":[128,148,178,243,250,292],"tool":[129],"intended":[130],"independent":[132],"completion":[133],"staff,":[136,155],"namely":[137],"Home":[140],"Survey":[141],"on":[142],"Patient":[143],"Safety":[144],"Culture":[145],"(NHSOPSC).":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"proprietary":[149],"questionnaire":[150],"administered":[152],"management":[154,303],"which":[156],"included":[157],"inquiries":[158],"regarding":[159,304],"residents,":[165],"doctors,":[169],"nurses,":[170],"caregivers":[173],"existence":[176],"certification,":[180],"functioning":[182],"event":[186,269],"registry,":[187],"events,":[192],"total":[195],"reported":[199,249,277],"over":[200],"preceding":[202],"12":[203],"months.":[204],"overall":[206],"perceptions":[207],"levels":[212,319],"among":[213],"surveyed":[217],"were":[219],"moderate.":[220],"Notably,":[221],"staffing":[223,318],"dimension":[224],"received":[225],"lowest":[227],"rating":[228],"NHSOPSC,":[231],"with":[232,242],"only":[233,275],"50.2%":[234],"respondents":[236],"providing":[237],"positive":[238],"responses.":[239],"Larger":[240],"greater":[244],"diminished":[251],"culture.":[256,311],"Of":[257],"26":[259],"assessed,":[261],"directors":[262],"managers":[264],"acknowledged":[265],"maintaining":[266],"an":[267],"register":[270],"24":[272],"facilities,":[273],"but":[274],"11":[276],"any":[278],"past":[283],"year.":[284],"suboptimal":[286],"findings":[287],"from":[288],"this":[289],"highlight":[291],"pressing":[293],"need":[294],"enhance":[296],"knowledge":[298],"influence":[308],"It":[312],"essential":[314],"maintain":[316],"adequate":[317],"implement":[321],"strategies":[322],"encourage":[324],"events.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-01T00:00:00"}
