{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224967902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","title":"Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Cashew By-products in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","display_name":"Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Cashew By-products in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224967902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189382","display_name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","issn_l":"2456-7043","issn":["2456-7043"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160165862","display_name":"Kodjo Noelle Fran\u00e7oise","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126051","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Pelefero Gon Coulibaly","ror":"https://ror.org/0358nsq19","country_code":"CI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126051"]}],"countries":["CI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kodjo Noelle Fran\u00e7oise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Biological Sciences Teaching and Research Unit, Peleforo GON COULIBALY University, Korhogo, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Biological Sciences Teaching and Research Unit, Peleforo GON COULIBALY University, Korhogo, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126051"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160193206","display_name":"Toure Daouda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126051","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Pelefero Gon Coulibaly","ror":"https://ror.org/0358nsq19","country_code":"CI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126051"]}],"countries":["CI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toure Daouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Biological Sciences Teaching and Research Unit, Peleforo GON COULIBALY University, Korhogo, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Biological Sciences Teaching and Research Unit, Peleforo GON COULIBALY University, Korhogo, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126051"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160229589","display_name":"Silue Dognimin Ferdinand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126051","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Pelefero Gon Coulibaly","ror":"https://ror.org/0358nsq19","country_code":"CI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126051"]}],"countries":["CI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silue Dognimin Ferdinand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Biological Sciences Teaching and Research Unit, Peleforo GON COULIBALY University, Korhogo, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Biological Sciences Teaching and Research Unit, Peleforo GON COULIBALY University, Korhogo, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126051"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126051"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81140818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"11","first_page":"37","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14297","display_name":"Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cashew-nut-shell-liquid","display_name":"cashew nut shell liquid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cashew-by-products","display_name":"cashew by-products","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial activity","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candida-albicans","display_name":"Candida albicans","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyphenols","display_name":"polyphenols","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction-methods","display_name":"extraction methods","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-decoction","display_name":"aqueous decoction","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-extraction","display_name":"thermal extraction","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicochemical-properties","display_name":"physicochemical properties","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-inhibitory-concentration","display_name":"minimum inhibitory concentration","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cote-d-ivoire","display_name":"C\u00f4te d'Ivoire","score":0.7540000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74940592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723254","display_name":"Maceration (sewage)","level":2,"score":0.9021999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.8206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6888999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70899900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290439","display_name":"Polyphenol","level":3,"score":0.6746000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6643000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190409667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136912","display_name":"Decoction","level":2,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176947019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597889","display_name":"Minimum inhibitory concentration","level":3,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780917455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310443","display_name":"Candida albicans","level":2,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11636898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390585","display_name":"Agar diffusion test","level":4,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775960407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132014","display_name":"Aspergillus niger","level":2,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189775405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539479","display_name":"Titratable acid","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778660310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177998","display_name":"Agar","level":3,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779858419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407153","display_name":"Ethyl acetate","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62643968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574816","display_name":"Agar plate","level":3,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189382","display_name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","issn_l":"2456-7043","issn":["2456-7043"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalmrji.com:article/1811","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalmrji.com/index.php/MRJI/article/view/1811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189382","display_name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","issn_l":"2456-7043","issn":["2456-7043"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2456-7043","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05846397v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05846397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Research Journal International, 2026, 36 (11), pp.37-43","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2026/v36i111811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189382","display_name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","issn_l":"2456-7043","issn":["2456-7043"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6735000014305115,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.5925999879837036,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411522398","https://openalex.org/W4393130114","https://openalex.org/W2964562230","https://openalex.org/W2888477802","https://openalex.org/W4409512834","https://openalex.org/W1991890211","https://openalex.org/W4280593614","https://openalex.org/W7219747605","https://openalex.org/W1968569046","https://openalex.org/W4308124870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Antimicrobial":[0,62],"resistance":[1],"has":[2],"increased":[3],"interest":[4],"in":[5,34,193],"plant-derived":[6],"materials":[7],"that":[8,185],"may":[9],"contain":[10],"biologically":[11],"active":[12,205],"compounds.":[13],"This":[14],"study":[15],"evaluated":[16,65],"the":[17,88,118,143,189,203,208],"physicochemical":[18,190],"properties":[19],"and":[20,46,56,69,98,132,164,192],"antimicrobial":[21,195],"activity":[22,63,196],"of":[23,197],"cashew":[24,31],"nut":[25],"shell":[26],"liquid":[27],"(CNSL)":[28],"obtained":[29,40],"from":[30,111],"shells":[32],"collected":[33],"northern":[35],"C\u00f4te":[36],"d\u2019Ivoire.":[37],"CNSL":[38],"was":[39,64,179],"using":[41,72],"thermal":[42,133],"extraction,":[43],"ethanolic":[44,95,139,200],"maceration":[45,96,201],"aqueous":[47,99,128],"decoction.":[48],"Extraction":[49],"yield,":[50],"pH,":[51],"titratable":[52],"acidity,":[53],"dry":[54],"matter":[55],"total":[57,120],"polyphenol":[58,121],"content":[59],"were":[60,80,104],"assessed.":[61],"against":[66,147,161,169,176],"Staphylococcus":[67],"aureus":[68,163,178],"Candida":[70],"albicans":[71],"agar":[73],"diffusion":[74],"assays,":[75],"whilst":[76],"minimum":[77,173],"inhibitory":[78,174],"concentrations":[79],"determined":[81],"by":[82,94],"broth":[83],"microdilution.":[84],"Thermal":[85],"extraction":[86,90,116,186],"produced":[87,117,142],"highest":[89,119],"yield":[91],"(28.4%),":[92],"followed":[93],"(24.1%)":[97],"decoction":[100],"(19.6%).":[101],"The":[102,138],"extracts":[103],"slightly":[105],"acidic,":[106],"with":[107,127,199],"pH":[108],"values":[109],"ranging":[110],"5.0":[112],"to":[113],"5.4.":[114],"Ethanolic":[115],"value":[122],"(291.66":[123],"\u00b1":[124,130,135,158,166],"2.88),":[125],"compared":[126],"(209.30":[129],"8.32)":[131],"(178.33":[134],"2.88)":[136],"extraction.":[137],"extract":[140,206],"also":[141],"greatest":[144],"inhibition":[145,154],"zones":[146,155],"both":[148],"tested":[149],"microorganisms.":[150],"At":[151],"100":[152],"mg/mL,":[153],"reached":[156],"24":[157],"0.7":[159],"mm":[160,168],"S.":[162,177],"21":[165],"0.6":[167],"C.":[170],"albicans.":[171],"Its":[172],"concentration":[175],"12.5":[180],"mg/mL.":[181],"These":[182],"findings":[183],"indicate":[184],"method":[187],"influences":[188],"characteristics":[191],"vitro":[194],"CNSL,":[198],"providing":[202],"most":[204],"among":[207],"methods":[209],"evaluated.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
