{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224938469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176","title":"Effect of Geometric Configurations of Molten-Salt Risers on Its Hydraulic and Structural Behavior in Tower-Based Concentrated Solar Power Station","display_name":"Effect of Geometric Configurations of Molten-Salt Risers on Its Hydraulic and Structural Behavior in Tower-Based Concentrated Solar Power Station","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224938469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19215176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101521126","display_name":"Yida Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-0694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-0694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155233","display_name":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp","ror":"https://ror.org/052b58660","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155233"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yida Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China","State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-0694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101444472","display_name":"Zijiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-3773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-3773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014986458","display_name":"Jinsheng Qi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155233","display_name":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp","ror":"https://ror.org/052b58660","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155233"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsheng Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693570","display_name":"Xiaoliang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-8795","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-8795"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155233","display_name":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp","ror":"https://ror.org/052b58660","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155233"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130236080","display_name":"Junxiang Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155233","display_name":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp","ror":"https://ror.org/052b58660","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155233"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junxiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015007237","display_name":"Zhan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-9151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-9151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-9151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015007237"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.643347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"21","first_page":"5176","last_page":"5176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.023900000378489494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12560","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/von-mises-stress","display_name":"von Mises stress","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipe-deformation","display_name":"pipe deformation","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-design","display_name":"parametric design","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.680899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155165730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319519","display_name":"von Mises yield criterion","level":3,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76475535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7533418","display_name":"Size effect on structural strength","level":2,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5178999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780052225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841217","display_name":"Hydraulic press","level":2,"score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88282795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448108","display_name":"Structural system","level":2,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11394606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1972552","display_name":"Hydraulic machinery","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4311470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159719","display_name":"Power station","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200070095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297687","display_name":"Structural material","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63184880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2783041","display_name":"Hydraulic conductivity","level":3,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16644385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327735","display_name":"Hydraulic diameter","level":4,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126950237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7964839","display_name":"Structural load","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994359068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177784","display_name":"Hydraulic pressure","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88743934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466889","display_name":"Hydraulic structure","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99636146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35889","display_name":"Parametric equation","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159851900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369743","display_name":"Hydraulic head","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994071608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5954443","display_name":"Hydraulic resistance","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19215176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19215176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.878000020980835,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984011032","https://openalex.org/W1994056269","https://openalex.org/W2032777079","https://openalex.org/W2058100769","https://openalex.org/W2070083209","https://openalex.org/W2156490919","https://openalex.org/W2614300027","https://openalex.org/W2618772440","https://openalex.org/W2744313523","https://openalex.org/W3010429133","https://openalex.org/W3038069932","https://openalex.org/W3217795570","https://openalex.org/W4255915960","https://openalex.org/W4289313614","https://openalex.org/W4379259159","https://openalex.org/W4387053364","https://openalex.org/W4392303965","https://openalex.org/W4392939748","https://openalex.org/W4406432987","https://openalex.org/W4407876189","https://openalex.org/W4411438023","https://openalex.org/W4413355288","https://openalex.org/W4417214518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014647225","https://openalex.org/W3000490003","https://openalex.org/W7172344652","https://openalex.org/W7126384026","https://openalex.org/W2615797329","https://openalex.org/W7223171641","https://openalex.org/W2371650360","https://openalex.org/W4415679340","https://openalex.org/W4406233779","https://openalex.org/W2310772317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geometric":[0],"configuration":[1,206,229],"influences":[2],"the":[3,21,24,29,81,84,104,111,118,130,136,141,154,161,167,187,196,201,204,228],"hydraulic":[4,30,189,213],"performance,":[5,214],"structural":[6,32,74,191,215],"response,":[7,216],"and":[8,31,57,69,73,93,135,145,173,190,217,231],"material":[9,219],"requirements":[10],"of":[11,23,34,83,177,210,234],"molten-salt":[12,49,235],"risers":[13,236],"in":[14,237],"tower-based":[15,238],"concentrated":[16,239],"solar":[17,240],"power":[18,241],"plants.":[19,242],"However,":[20],"effects":[22,82],"principal":[25],"geometric":[26,198],"parameters":[27],"on":[28],"responses":[33],"a":[35,47,65,175,208,224],"complete":[36],"riser":[37,50],"system":[38,106,132,156],"have":[39],"not":[40],"been":[41],"sufficiently":[42],"clarified.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"study,":[46],"full-scale":[48],"model":[51],"was":[52],"established":[53],"under":[54,117],"fixed":[55],"total-height":[56],"lateral-space":[58],"constraints.":[59],"Thirteen":[60],"configurations":[61],"were":[62,77],"generated":[63],"using":[64],"single-factor":[66],"parametric":[67],"design,":[68],"computational":[70],"fluid":[71],"dynamics":[72],"finite-element":[75],"simulations":[76],"employed":[78],"to":[79,124],"investigate":[80],"inclined-segment":[85,94],"length-to-diameter":[86],"ratio":[87,91],"Ls/Di,":[88],"elbow":[89],"curvature":[90],"R/Di,":[92],"angle":[95],"\u03b8.":[96],"The":[97,221],"results":[98,185],"show":[99],"that":[100],"increasing":[101],"Ls/Di":[102],"increases":[103,153],"overall":[105,131,155],"resistance":[107,133,157],"coefficient":[108,134,158],"but":[109,159],"reduces":[110,128],"maximum":[112,138,142,163,169],"von":[113],"Mises":[114],"equivalent":[115],"stress":[116,170],"combined":[119],"load":[120],"case":[121],"by":[122],"up":[123],"17.12%.":[125],"Increasing":[126,151],"R/Di":[127],"both":[129],"combined-load":[137,162,168],"stress,":[139],"while":[140],"total":[143,164],"deformation":[144],"pipe":[146,218],"mass":[147],"change":[148],"only":[149],"slightly.":[150],"\u03b8":[152,181],"decreases":[160],"deformation,":[165],"whereas":[166],"varies":[171],"nonmonotonically":[172],"reaches":[174],"minimum":[176],"194.95":[178],"MPa":[179],"at":[180],"=":[182],"75\u00b0.":[183],"These":[184],"clarify":[186],"distinct":[188],"response":[192],"trends":[193],"associated":[194],"with":[195],"three":[197],"parameters.":[199],"Among":[200],"investigated":[202],"configurations,":[203],"45\u00b0":[205],"demonstrates":[207],"degree":[209],"coordination":[211],"among":[212],"usage.":[220],"findings":[222],"provide":[223],"numerical":[225],"basis":[226],"for":[227],"design":[230],"parameter":[232],"selection":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}