{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224929129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.38112","title":"From the Gettier Machine to Justified True Output: A Three-Step Account of Rational Trust in Generative AI","display_name":"From the Gettier Machine to Justified True Output: A Three-Step Account of Rational Trust in Generative AI","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224929129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.38112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.38112","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38112","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.38112","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.38112","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047488394","display_name":"Tevfik Uyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-6910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-6910"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uyar, Tevfik","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENTROPOL R&D , Istanbul , Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENTROPOL R&D , Istanbul , Turkey","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047488394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-trust","display_name":"epistemic trust","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justified-true-belief","display_name":"justified true belief","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gettier-problem","display_name":"Gettier problem","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliabilism","display_name":"reliabilism","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality-problem","display_name":"generality problem","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-verification","display_name":"independent verification","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-mind","display_name":"extended mind","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-improvement","display_name":"model improvement","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"redundancy","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.8580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6854000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.5637000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31772880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666479","display_name":"Rational agent","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779259174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553104","display_name":"SOCRATES","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332880","display_name":"Common sense","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201717286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938185","display_name":"Rationality","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94624232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150667","display_name":"Indeterminate","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.38112","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38112","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.38112","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.38112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.38112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.38112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.38112","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38112","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.38112","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224929129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224929129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W393180982","https://openalex.org/W1966129247","https://openalex.org/W1991015565","https://openalex.org/W2024415362","https://openalex.org/W2055250996","https://openalex.org/W2063052894","https://openalex.org/W2412755053","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W4234973058","https://openalex.org/W4242397844","https://openalex.org/W4386020174","https://openalex.org/W4399465031","https://openalex.org/W4399694975","https://openalex.org/W4399785210","https://openalex.org/W4407086218","https://openalex.org/W4411097919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7118006197","https://openalex.org/W7201881146","https://openalex.org/W7154837634","https://openalex.org/W7166889414","https://openalex.org/W7201886018","https://openalex.org/W7171678873","https://openalex.org/W7131266562","https://openalex.org/W7118795022","https://openalex.org/W7148341197","https://openalex.org/W7139947460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"generative":[1,109,140],"artificial":[2],"intelligence":[3],"(AI)":[4],"settles":[5],"into":[6,142],"everyday":[7,242],"practices":[8],"of":[9,53,86,92,127,150,157,173,181,187,198,233],"inquiry,":[10],"an":[11,28,137,241],"old":[12],"epistemological":[13],"question":[14],"returns":[15],"in":[16,97],"a":[17,22,24,98,102,119,124,143,163,195,230],"new":[18],"guise:":[19],"when":[20,37],"does":[21],"proposition":[23],"user":[25,34],"takes":[26],"from":[27,154,258],"AI":[29,79,141],"output":[30,138,238],"become":[31],"something":[32],"the":[33,50,60,83,89,128,146,155,179,185,192,212,223,260],"knows,":[35],"and":[36,64,73,106,215,218,265],"is":[38,112,152,159,194,229,254],"it":[39,43,74],"rational":[40,234],"to":[41,71,116,211,222],"trust":[42,96],"as":[44,162],"such?":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"argues":[48],"that":[49,59,133],"characteristic":[51],"failures":[52],"AI-mediated":[54],"inquiry":[55],"are":[56],"precisely":[57],"those":[58],"justified-true-belief":[61],"(JTB)":[62],"tradition":[63],"its":[65],"post-Gettier":[66,224],"anti-luck":[67],"refinements":[68],"were":[69],"built":[70],"diagnose,":[72],"advances":[75],"three":[76],"claims.":[77],"First,":[78],"outputs":[80],"inherit":[81],"neither":[82],"presumptive":[84],"warrant":[85,91],"testimony":[87],"nor":[88],"reliabilist":[90],"deterministic":[93],"tools:":[94],"unaudited":[95],"calculator":[99],"rests":[100],"on":[101],"type-level":[103],"reliability":[104,182],"record,":[105],"for":[107],"general-purpose":[108],"models":[110],"there":[111],"no":[113],"type-stable":[114],"process":[115],"which":[117],"such":[118],"record":[120],"could":[121],"attach":[122],"--":[123,200,205],"practical":[125],"form":[126],"generality":[129],"problem.":[130],"Second,":[131],"use":[132,199],"stops":[134],"at":[135],"obtaining":[136],"turns":[139],"Gettier":[144],"machine:":[145],"user's":[147],"fluency-based":[148],"seeming":[149],"justification":[151,216],"disconnected":[153],"truth":[156],"what":[158],"believed,":[160],"and,":[161],"clock":[164],"running":[165],"ten":[166],"times":[167],"too":[168],"fast":[169],"illustrates,":[170],"sheer":[171],"speed":[172],"production":[174],"multiplies":[175],"coincidental":[176],"hits,":[177],"inflating":[178],"appearance":[180],"without":[183],"improving":[184],"standing":[186],"any":[188],"single":[189],"hit.":[190],"Third,":[191],"remedy":[193],"three-step":[196],"structure":[197],"acquisition,":[201],"understanding,":[202],"independent":[203],"verification":[204],"whose":[206,219],"first":[207],"two":[208],"steps":[209],"answer":[210],"classical":[213],"belief":[214],"conditions":[217],"third":[220],"answers":[221],"sensitivity":[225],"condition.":[226],"The":[227,252],"result":[228],"stakes-indexed":[231],"criterion":[232,253],"trust,":[235],"justified":[236],"true":[237],"(JTO),":[239],"with":[240],"test:":[243],"\"Had":[244],"this":[245],"been":[246],"false,":[247],"would":[248],"I":[249],"have":[250],"noticed?\"":[251],"defended":[255],"against":[256],"objections":[257],"over-demandingness,":[259],"extended":[261],"mind,":[262],"model":[263],"improvement,":[264],"redundancy.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
