{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224926408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","title":"Promotion of Tanning Behaviors on Instagram: Content Analysis","display_name":"Promotion of Tanning Behaviors on Instagram: Content Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224926408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42962080","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13722141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/110157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205725","display_name":"JMIR Dermatology","issn_l":"2562-0959","issn":["2562-0959"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017717861","display_name":"Tailisha M. Gonzalez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9986-9878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9986-9878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161301626","display_name":"Lehman College","ror":"https://ror.org/03m908832","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161301626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tailisha Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health, Administration, Research, and Technology, Lehman College, 250 Bedford Park Blvd W, Bronx, NY, 10468-1588, United States, 1 347-699-6505"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9986-9878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health, Administration, Research, and Technology, Lehman College, 250 Bedford Park Blvd W, Bronx, NY, 10468-1588, United States, 1 347-699-6505","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161301626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048876219","display_name":"Grace Clarke Hillyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-075X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-075X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace C Hillyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Studies and Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-075X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Studies and Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036506398","display_name":"Ben D. Gold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0470-8396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0470-8396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127328727","display_name":"William Paterson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k3ayt93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127328727"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bailey Gold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0470-8396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127328727"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054095086","display_name":"Charles E. Basch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-0959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-0959","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-4229"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127328727","display_name":"William Paterson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k3ayt93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127328727"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corey H Basch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-4229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127328727"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017717861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161301626"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86829917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"e110157","last_page":"e110157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12027","display_name":"Social Media in Health Education","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12027","display_name":"Social Media in Health Education","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.05999999865889549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanning","display_name":"tanning","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instagram","display_name":"Instagram","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-health-promotion","display_name":"social media health promotion","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beauty-standards","display_name":"beauty standards","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-protection","display_name":"sun protection","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer-risk","display_name":"skin cancer risk","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hashtags","display_name":"hashtags","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-misinformation","display_name":"health misinformation","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7476000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780620123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7242","display_name":"Beauty","level":2,"score":0.743399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.670199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778080475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4353774","display_name":"Health communication","level":2,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558299567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11033","display_name":"Mass media","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017665839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16884010","display_name":"Sun protection","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020234875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1260632","display_name":"Media content","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018122547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690813","display_name":"Health benefits","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019806175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11974939","display_name":"Health professionals","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24168220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2474068","display_name":"Cosmetology","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983876825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9332","display_name":"Health behavior","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000097822","descriptor_name":"Media Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098624","descriptor_name":"Digital Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055108","descriptor_name":"Sunbathing","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055108","descriptor_name":"Sunbathing","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2196/110157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205725","display_name":"JMIR Dermatology","issn_l":"2562-0959","issn":["2562-0959"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13722141","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722141/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722141/pdf/derma-v9-e110157.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Dermatol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42962080","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42962080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR dermatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/110157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/110157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205725","display_name":"JMIR Dermatology","issn_l":"2562-0959","issn":["2562-0959"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224926408.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224926408.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059854978","https://openalex.org/W2908861719","https://openalex.org/W3039125019","https://openalex.org/W3136079049","https://openalex.org/W3162597965","https://openalex.org/W4206948644","https://openalex.org/W4315647957","https://openalex.org/W4376868649","https://openalex.org/W4380355179","https://openalex.org/W4395085274","https://openalex.org/W4408811929","https://openalex.org/W4413110558","https://openalex.org/W4415734788","https://openalex.org/W7138887330","https://openalex.org/W7151429308","https://openalex.org/W7165751047","https://openalex.org/W7201888365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163726357","https://openalex.org/W3005096026","https://openalex.org/W4380355179","https://openalex.org/W2807953147","https://openalex.org/W2798231291","https://openalex.org/W3164728687","https://openalex.org/W2905946754","https://openalex.org/W7117362492","https://openalex.org/W2593550236","https://openalex.org/W7116759674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Adolescents":[2],"and":[3,17,27,31,35,71,74,78,94,97,134,143,162,173,181,201,229],"young":[4,135],"adults":[5],"may":[6],"be":[7],"particularly":[8],"susceptible":[9],"to":[10,38,84,121,212,221],"social":[11,218],"media":[12,219],"content":[13,50,214],"that":[14,233],"promotes":[15],"tanning":[16,63,148,160,186,192],"appearance-based":[18],"beauty":[19,69,171],"standards.":[20],"Objective":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23],"examined":[24],"the":[25,36,57,98,175,182,223],"characteristics":[26],"messaging":[28,156],"of":[29,52,170,177,226],"pro-":[30],"antitanning":[32,119,195],"Instagram":[33,54],"posts":[34,55],"extent":[37],"which":[39],"they":[40],"promoted":[41],"health":[42,45,72,202],"damaging\u2013":[43],"or":[44],"enhancing\u2013behaviors.":[46],"Methods":[47],"A":[48],"cross-sectional":[49],"analysis":[51],"100":[53],"using":[56],"hashtag":[58],"#tanning":[59],"assessed":[60],"creator":[61],"characteristics,":[62],"practices,":[64],"commercial":[65],"promotion,":[66],"tanning-related":[67],"messaging,":[68],"standards,":[70],"risks":[73,183],"benefits.":[75],"\u03c7":[76],"2":[77],"Fisher":[79],"exact":[80],"tests":[81],"were":[82,110,115],"used":[83,103],"determine":[85],"differences":[86],"between":[87],"pro":[88],"vs":[89,128,139,151],"anti":[90],"stances":[91],"for":[92,104,164,210],"categorical":[93],"dichotomous":[95],"variables,":[96],"Mann-Whitney":[99],"U":[100],"test":[101],"was":[102],"continuous":[105],"variables.":[106],"Results":[107],"Most":[108],"videos":[109,114,120,196],"protanning":[111],"(79/100).":[112],"Protanning":[113],"significantly":[116,190],"greater":[117],"than":[118],"have":[122],"been":[123],"posted":[124,235],"in":[125],"2026":[126],"(77.2%":[127],"47.6%;":[129],"P":[130,141,153],"=.02),":[131],"feature":[132],"teen":[133],"adult":[136],"creators":[137],"(87.3%":[138],"52.4%;":[140],"<.001),":[142],"include":[144],"shopping":[145],"tags":[146],"promoting":[147,159],"products":[149],"(30.4%":[150],"0%;":[152],"<.001).":[154],"Overall,":[155],"focused":[157,197],"on":[158,198,216],"(76%)":[161],"advocating":[163],"tanned":[165],"skin":[166],"as":[167],"a":[168],"standard":[169],"(63%)":[172],"downplayed":[174],"use":[176],"sun":[178,199],"protection":[179,200],"(11%)":[180],"associated":[184],"with":[185,194],"(20%).":[187],"Messaging":[188],"varied":[189],"by":[191],"stance,":[193],"risk.":[203],"Conclusions":[204],"Findings":[205],"indicate":[206],"an":[207],"urgent":[208],"need":[209],"clinicians":[211],"lead":[213],"creation":[215],"popular":[217],"platforms":[220],"counter":[222],"health-damaging":[224],"effects":[225],"unreliable,":[227],"incomplete,":[228],"potentially":[230],"misdirected":[231],"information":[232],"is":[234],"under":[236],"popularized":[237],"hashtags.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
