{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224919219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70610/jcpa.2208","title":"Organizational Commitment, Organizational Culture, and Employee Integrity at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise: The Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership","display_name":"Organizational Commitment, Organizational Culture, and Employee Integrity at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise: The Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224919219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70610/jcpa.2208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70610/jcpa.2208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70610/jcpa.2208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70610/jcpa.2208","pdf_url":"https://edujavare.com/index.php/jcpa/article/download/2208/2012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404673691","display_name":"Journal of Creative Power and Ambition","issn_l":"3031-4054","issn":["3031-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://edujavare.com/index.php/jcpa/article/download/2208/2012","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160207023","display_name":"Esti Dwi Apriliani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135348","display_name":"Universitas Jayabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/03g5gja16","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135348"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esti Dwi Apriliani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Jayabaya, Jakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Jayabaya, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135348"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159302377","display_name":"Musa Alkadhim Alhabshy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135348","display_name":"Universitas Jayabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/03g5gja16","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135348"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musa Alkadhim Alhabshy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Jayabaya, Jakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Jayabaya, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135348"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160174373","display_name":"Ambarwati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135348","display_name":"Universitas Jayabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/03g5gja16","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135348"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ambarwati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Jayabaya, Jakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Jayabaya, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135348"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135348"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8833254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"02","first_page":"3912","last_page":"3925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.043800000101327896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-commitment","display_name":"organizational commitment","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-integrity","display_name":"employee integrity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-leadership","display_name":"ethical leadership","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning-theory","display_name":"social learning theory","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-exchange-theory","display_name":"social exchange theory","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directorate-general-of-customs-and-excise","display_name":"Directorate General of Customs and Excise","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customs-institutions","display_name":"customs institutions","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretionary-power","display_name":"discretionary power","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-integrity","display_name":"institutional integrity","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157298493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403411","display_name":"Ethical leadership","level":2,"score":0.6851000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172256602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780716","display_name":"Social exchange theory","level":2,"score":0.6608999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7225491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697537","display_name":"Leadership studies","level":3,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012157","display_name":"Employee morale","level":3,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82793941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99753626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14937678","display_name":"Employee engagement","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185654502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831922","display_name":"Organisation climate","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780867537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4207345","display_name":"Human resource policies","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15046100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337214","display_name":"Social learning theory","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182021174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374295","display_name":"Employee research","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779359184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102023","display_name":"Organizational justice","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165672731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047583","display_name":"Organizational performance","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70610/jcpa.2208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70610/jcpa.2208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70610/jcpa.2208","pdf_url":"https://edujavare.com/index.php/jcpa/article/download/2208/2012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404673691","display_name":"Journal of Creative Power and Ambition","issn_l":"3031-4054","issn":["3031-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70610/jcpa.2208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70610/jcpa.2208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70610/jcpa.2208","pdf_url":"https://edujavare.com/index.php/jcpa/article/download/2208/2012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404673691","display_name":"Journal of Creative Power and Ambition","issn_l":"3031-4054","issn":["3031-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Creative Power and Ambition (JCPA)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224919219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224919219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286720770","https://openalex.org/W4320516819","https://openalex.org/W4390115907","https://openalex.org/W4401430824","https://openalex.org/W7124684555","https://openalex.org/W7154477094","https://openalex.org/W7155679170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155679170","https://openalex.org/W3039946552","https://openalex.org/W7218591380","https://openalex.org/W3119166048","https://openalex.org/W7217196312","https://openalex.org/W7224478449","https://openalex.org/W7154895493","https://openalex.org/W4366371449","https://openalex.org/W2148828381","https://openalex.org/W2041571516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Repeated":[0],"corruption":[1],"cases":[2],"at":[3,121,235],"the":[4,67,77,89,94,122,145,186,209],"Directorate":[5],"General":[6],"of":[7,74,88,188,208],"Customs":[8],"and":[9,34,45,53,81,92,130,155,171,183,214,225,241],"Excise":[10],"(DJBC)":[11],"show":[12],"that":[13,21],"high":[14,101],"institutional":[15],"integrity":[16,65,158,179],"scores":[17],"do":[18],"not":[19],"guarantee":[20],"employees":[22,116],"act":[23],"with":[24,100,132],"integrity.":[25,218],"This":[26,104],"study":[27,107],"tests":[28],"social":[29,35,222,230],"learning":[30,223],"theory":[31,37,224],"(Bandura,":[32],"1977)":[33],"exchange":[36,231],"(Blau,":[38],"1964)":[39],"by":[40,114],"examining":[41],"how":[42],"organizational":[43,46,163],"commitment":[44,82,164,195],"culture":[47,80,143,189,240],"affect":[48],"employee":[49,157,178,217],"integrity,":[50],"both":[51,148],"directly":[52],"through":[54,194],"ethical":[55,84,150,212,243],"leadership":[56,85,151,176,213],"as":[57,66],"a":[58,72,97,109],"mediator.":[59],"The":[60,204,219],"novelty":[61],"lies":[62],"in":[63,134,211,216],"treating":[64],"final":[68],"outcome":[69],"rather":[70],"than":[71],"predictor":[73],"performance,":[75],"testing":[76],"path":[78],"from":[79],"toward":[83],"(the":[86],"reverse":[87],"usual":[90],"direction),":[91],"applying":[93],"model":[95,205],"to":[96],"customs":[98],"institution":[99],"discretionary":[102],"authority.":[103],"explanatory":[105],"quantitative":[106],"used":[108],"1\u20135":[110],"Likert":[111],"questionnaire":[112],"completed":[113],"209":[115],"across":[117],"13":[118],"directorate-level":[119],"units":[120],"DJBC":[123,236],"Head":[124],"Office":[125],"(proportionate":[126],"stratified":[127],"random":[128],"sampling)":[129],"analyzed":[131],"PLS-SEM":[133],"SmartPLS":[135],"4.":[136],"All":[137],"seven":[138],"hypotheses":[139],"were":[140],"supported.":[141],"Organizational":[142],"was":[144,196],"strongest":[146],"factor,":[147],"for":[149,156,229],"(\u03b2":[152,159,168,180],"=":[153,160,169,173,181,191,202],"0.692)":[154],"0.283),":[161],"while":[162],"had":[165],"smaller":[166],"effects":[167],"0.113":[170],"\u03b2":[172],"0.146).":[174],"Ethical":[175],"affected":[177],"0.299)":[182],"partially":[184],"mediated":[185],"effect":[187],"(VAF":[190,201],"42.20%);":[192],"mediation":[193],"significant":[197],"but":[198],"very":[199],"weak":[200],"18.69%).":[203],"explained":[206],"57.8%":[207],"variance":[210],"40.7%":[215],"findings":[220],"support":[221,228],"offer":[226],"limited":[227],"theory.":[232],"Integrity":[233],"efforts":[234],"should":[237],"prioritize":[238],"work":[239],"leaders\u2019":[242],"example":[244],"alongside":[245],"formal":[246],"rules.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
