{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224917651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592","title":"Association Between Radiographic Haglund Morphology and MRI-Measured Achilles Tendon Rupture Location: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Association Between Radiographic Haglund Morphology and MRI-Measured Achilles Tendon Rupture Location: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224917651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066693723","display_name":"Adnan Arslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-6612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-6612","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3119-6239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3119-6239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152403683","display_name":"\u0130rfan Narin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0130rfan Narin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115945607","display_name":"Ferhat Danisman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferhat Dan\u0131\u015fman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017099784","display_name":"A. Dikici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-3326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-3326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aytekin Dikici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027790669","display_name":"Bayram Ersidar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-5857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-5857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bayram Ersidar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007691664","display_name":"Yunus Can \u00dcnal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6733-4211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6733-4211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunus Can \u00dcnal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, S\u00fcphan Mahallesi, Hava Yolu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1. Kilometre, Edremit, Van 65300, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066693723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86838035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"3592","last_page":"3592"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.888700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.888700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11068","display_name":"Tendon Structure and Treatment","score":0.09809999912977219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achilles-tendon-rupture","display_name":"Achilles tendon rupture","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haglund-deformity","display_name":"Haglund deformity","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rupture-location","display_name":"rupture location","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-radiography","display_name":"ankle radiography","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mri-measurement","display_name":"MRI measurement","score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-tendon-rupture","display_name":"acute tendon rupture","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9254000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780984734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223172","display_name":"Achilles tendon","level":3,"score":0.840499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340311","display_name":"Achilles tendon rupture","level":4,"score":0.7516999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6664999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178910020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211994","display_name":"Sagittal plane","level":2,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232358","display_name":"Tendon","level":2,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68312169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216685","display_name":"Orthopedic surgery","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667085792","https://openalex.org/W1984888190","https://openalex.org/W1993199709","https://openalex.org/W1999538410","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2042791632","https://openalex.org/W2053067495","https://openalex.org/W2055174038","https://openalex.org/W2089090845","https://openalex.org/W2092864984","https://openalex.org/W2096086372","https://openalex.org/W2098822366","https://openalex.org/W2165856921","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2412357217","https://openalex.org/W2433508397","https://openalex.org/W2593623787","https://openalex.org/W2897931930","https://openalex.org/W2960693174","https://openalex.org/W3002380344","https://openalex.org/W3031602500","https://openalex.org/W3136508066","https://openalex.org/W3156747437","https://openalex.org/W4210570654","https://openalex.org/W4220772736","https://openalex.org/W4241653265","https://openalex.org/W4281634094","https://openalex.org/W4294839772","https://openalex.org/W4321602341","https://openalex.org/W4412475079","https://openalex.org/W4414367597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982348583","https://openalex.org/W2960693174","https://openalex.org/W2058030329","https://openalex.org/W7204846393","https://openalex.org/W2371774615","https://openalex.org/W3156747437","https://openalex.org/W4396790934","https://openalex.org/W4412475079","https://openalex.org/W7155373769","https://openalex.org/W2593623787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Achilles":[1,44,211],"tendon":[2,45,212],"ruptures":[3],"usually":[4],"occur":[5],"proximal":[6],"to":[7,50,183,197],"the":[8,24,70,93,124,188,232],"calcaneal":[9,13],"insertion.":[10],"Whether":[11],"posterosuperior":[12],"prominence":[14],"is":[15],"associated":[16,207],"with":[17,92,146,163,208,227],"rupture":[18,46,156,213,217,242],"location":[19],"remains":[20],"uncertain.":[21],"We":[22,89],"examined":[23],"association":[25,190],"between":[26],"radiographic":[27,78,125],"Haglund":[28,79,164,204],"morphology":[29,80,165,205,240],"and":[30,69,86,97,101,111,133,222],"MRI-measured":[31],"rupture-to-insertion":[32],"distance.":[33],"Methods:":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36,215],"retrospective":[37,220],"cross-sectional":[38],"study,":[39],"adults":[40],"treated":[41],"for":[42,106],"acute":[43],"from":[47],"January":[48],"2015":[49],"December":[51],"2025":[52],"were":[53,119,144],"assessed.":[54],"Rupture":[55],"distance":[56,157],"was":[57,158,177,191,206],"measured":[58,66],"on":[59,73],"sagittal":[60],"MRI.":[61],"Two":[62],"blinded":[63],"orthopaedic":[64],"surgeons":[65],"bump":[67],"height":[68],"bump\u2013calcaneus":[71],"ratio":[72],"standard":[74],"lateral":[75],"ankle":[76],"radiographs;":[77],"required":[81],"both":[82],"thresholds":[83],"(\u22654.0":[84],"mm":[85],"\u22657.5%,":[87],"respectively).":[88],"compared":[90],"groups":[91],"Mann\u2013Whitney":[94],"U":[95],"test":[96],"bootstrap":[98],"confidence":[99],"intervals":[100],"used":[102],"median":[103,136,175],"regression":[104],"adjusted":[105,189],"age,":[107],"sex,":[108],"sport-related":[109],"mechanism,":[110],"comorbidity.":[112],"Results:":[113],"Of":[114],"292":[115],"screened":[116],"patients,":[117],"106":[118],"included;":[120],"28":[121],"(26.4%)":[122],"met":[123],"criteria.":[126],"The":[127,173,219],"cohort":[128],"included":[129],"27":[130],"women":[131],"(25.5%)":[132],"had":[134],"a":[135],"age":[137],"of":[138,224],"41.5":[139],"years.":[140],"Interobserver":[141],"ICC(2,1)":[142],"values":[143],"0.9976\u20130.9994,":[145],"complete":[147],"agreement":[148],"in":[149,214],"threshold-derived":[150],"classification":[151],"(\u03ba":[152],"=":[153],"1.000).":[154],"Median":[155],"1.60":[159],"cm":[160,168,179,193],"(IQR,":[161,169],"1.49\u20132.58)":[162],"versus":[166],"4.85":[167],"3.51\u20135.55)":[170],"without":[171],"it.":[172],"unadjusted":[174],"difference":[176],"\u22123.25":[178],"(95%":[180,194],"CI,":[181,195],"\u22123.40":[182],"\u22122.68;":[184],"p":[185,199],"<":[186,200],"0.001);":[187],"\u22122.89":[192],"\u22123.61":[196],"\u22122.17;":[198],"0.001).":[201],"Conclusions:":[202],"Radiographic":[203],"more":[209],"distal":[210],"selected":[216],"cohort.":[218],"design":[221],"exclusion":[223],"113":[225],"patients":[226],"incomplete":[228],"records":[229],"limit":[230],"generalizability;":[231],"study":[233],"does":[234],"not":[235],"establish":[236],"causality":[237],"or":[238],"whether":[239],"increases":[241],"risk.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}