{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224910503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","title":"An Incidental Group 2 Retinal Arteriovenous Malformation in an Asymptomatic Young Adult","display_name":"An Incidental Group 2 Retinal Arteriovenous Malformation in an Asymptomatic Young Adult","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224910503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172392","display_name":"TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research","issn_l":"2589-4528","issn":["2589-4528","2589-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044122485","display_name":"Dhaivat Shah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161314","display_name":"Choithram Hospital and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05xrsn753","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhaivat Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Choithram Netralaya, Shriram Talawali, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Choithram Netralaya, Shriram Talawali, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160228050","display_name":"Nitansha Yadav","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161314","display_name":"Choithram Hospital and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05xrsn753","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitansha Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Choithram Netralaya, Shriram Talawali, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Choithram Netralaya, Shriram Talawali, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108063496","display_name":"Rinal Pandit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3325-4907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3325-4907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161314","display_name":"Choithram Hospital and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05xrsn753","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rinal Pandit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Choithram Netralaya, Shriram Talawali, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Choithram Netralaya, Shriram Talawali, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002040946","display_name":"Tina Damani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161314","display_name":"Choithram Hospital and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05xrsn753","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Damani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Choithram Netralaya, Shriram Talawali, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Choithram Netralaya, Shriram Talawali, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161314"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"4","first_page":"680","last_page":"682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.45190000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.45190000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11402","display_name":"Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.2328999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10980","display_name":"Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas","score":0.17990000545978546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptomatic-young-adults","display_name":"asymptomatic young adults","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography-angiography","display_name":"optical coherence tomography angiography","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"optical coherence tomography","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wyburn-mason-syndrome","display_name":"Wyburn-Mason syndrome","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservative-treatment","display_name":"conservative treatment","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmic-surveillance","display_name":"ophthalmic surveillance","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7961999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.6920999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.6714000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777507709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121576","display_name":"Vascular malformation","level":2,"score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779603958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584110","display_name":"Arteriovenous malformation","level":2,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775958455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7916449","display_name":"Vascular anomaly","level":2,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780248432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434206","display_name":"Fluorescein angiography","level":3,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778328719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316771","display_name":"Retinal vasculitis","level":4,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780643987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468414","display_name":"Angiography","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019347889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11068","display_name":"Vascular network","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266890","display_name":"Vascular disease","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780662894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497574","display_name":"Ophthalmic artery","level":3,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172392","display_name":"TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research","issn_l":"2589-4528","issn":["2589-4528","2589-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_182_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172392","display_name":"TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research","issn_l":"2589-4528","issn":["2589-4528","2589-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Case Report","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971974217","https://openalex.org/W2022827852","https://openalex.org/W2036744218","https://openalex.org/W2047873278","https://openalex.org/W2072959389","https://openalex.org/W2480175616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2513388840","https://openalex.org/W2947685992","https://openalex.org/W2081237895","https://openalex.org/W2281963239","https://openalex.org/W2011135347","https://openalex.org/W104771114","https://openalex.org/W4311815941","https://openalex.org/W2041255492","https://openalex.org/W2022827852","https://openalex.org/W4385395014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1],"describe":[2],"the":[3,26,75,111,130,138,147,163,236],"clinical":[4],"and":[5,24,69,81,90,165,195,204],"multimodal":[6],"imaging":[7,161,200],"features":[8],"of":[9,28,74,137,162,224,238],"an":[10,20,170,186],"incidentally":[11,183],"detected":[12],"Group":[13,98],"2":[14,99],"retinal":[15,49,83,100,113,140,179,193,199],"arteriovenous":[16,88],"malformation":[17],"(AVM)":[18],"in":[19,31,61,185,235],"asymptomatic":[21,188],"young":[22,189],"adult":[23],"highlight":[25],"importance":[27],"systemic":[29],"neuroimaging":[30,208],"such":[32],"cases.":[33],"An":[34,177],"18-year-old":[35],"male":[36],"with":[37,64,85,96,134,191,229],"no":[38,91],"visual":[39,57,196],"or":[40,120,173,215],"neurological":[41],"symptoms":[42],"was":[43,59,150],"found":[44],"to":[45,146,154,211],"have":[46],"a":[47,86,97],"unilateral":[48],"vascular":[50,108,132,156,175,205,217],"anomaly":[51],"during":[52],"routine":[53],"ophthalmic":[54,231],"examination.":[55],"Best-corrected":[56],"acuity":[58],"20/20":[60],"both":[62],"eyes,":[63],"normal":[65],"anterior":[66],"segment":[67],"findings":[68],"intraocular":[70],"pressure.":[71],"Fundus":[72],"examination":[73],"left":[76],"eye":[77],"revealed":[78],"markedly":[79],"dilated":[80],"tortuous":[82],"vessels":[84,149],"direct":[87],"communication":[89],"intervening":[92],"capillary":[93],"bed,":[94],"consistent":[95],"AVM.":[101],"Structural":[102],"optical":[103],"coherence":[104,123],"tomography":[105,124],"demonstrated":[106,126],"large":[107,148],"lumens":[109],"within":[110,129],"inner":[112],"layers":[114],"without":[115],"macular":[116],"edema,":[117],"subretinal":[118],"fluid,":[119],"exudation.":[121],"Optical":[122],"angiography":[125],"prominent":[127],"flow":[128],"abnormal":[131],"channels":[133],"relative":[135],"preservation":[136],"surrounding":[139],"architecture.":[141],"Focal":[142],"signal":[143],"attenuation":[144],"adjacent":[145],"noted,":[151],"likely":[152],"related":[153],"dense":[155],"shadowing.":[157],"Contrast-enhanced":[158],"magnetic":[159],"resonance":[160],"brain":[164],"orbits":[166],"did":[167],"not":[168],"reveal":[169],"associated":[171,213],"intracranial":[172,214],"orbital":[174,216],"malformation.":[176],"isolated":[178],"AVM":[180],"may":[181],"be":[182],"identified":[184],"otherwise":[187],"individual":[190],"preserved":[192],"architecture":[194],"function.":[197],"Multimodal":[198],"provides":[201],"complementary":[202],"structural":[203],"information,":[206],"while":[207],"is":[209,233],"important":[210],"exclude":[212],"malformations,":[218],"particularly":[219],"those":[220],"occurring":[221],"as":[222],"part":[223],"Wyburn\u2013Mason":[225],"syndrome.":[226],"Conservative":[227],"management":[228],"periodic":[230],"surveillance":[232],"appropriate":[234],"absence":[237],"secondary":[239],"ocular":[240],"complications.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}