{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224907185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","title":"Blue Bonds and Ocean Sustainability: Evidence from selected African countries","display_name":"Blue Bonds and Ocean Sustainability: Evidence from selected African countries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224907185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11220402/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11220402/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160191177","display_name":"Zibusiso Moyo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zibusiso Moyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160191177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13146","display_name":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13146","display_name":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12414","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Management","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-bonds","display_name":"blue bonds","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-finance","display_name":"blue finance","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-sustainability","display_name":"ocean sustainability","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-economy","display_name":"blue economy","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-health-index","display_name":"Ocean Health Index","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-market-development","display_name":"capital market development","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-quality","display_name":"regulatory quality","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflation","display_name":"inflation","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seychelles","display_name":"Seychelles","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabon","display_name":"Gabon","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cabo-verde","display_name":"Cape Verde","score":0.9629999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11693","display_name":"Bond","level":2,"score":0.6931999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197142791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540626","display_name":"Bond market","level":2,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143910263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750458","display_name":"Capital market","level":2,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121087249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546395","display_name":"Emerging markets","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32334204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961310","display_name":"Planetary boundaries","level":3,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74734477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479274","display_name":"Cost of capital","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58202505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035700","display_name":"Capital formation","level":4,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159480233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17082023","display_name":"Impact investing","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11220402/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11220402/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11220402/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"},{"score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224907185.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224907185.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115747715","https://openalex.org/W3161324428","https://openalex.org/W3171822079","https://openalex.org/W3173822485","https://openalex.org/W3194903352","https://openalex.org/W4290090520","https://openalex.org/W4312219081","https://openalex.org/W4320726524","https://openalex.org/W4323664012","https://openalex.org/W4366692681","https://openalex.org/W4387780240","https://openalex.org/W4392823022","https://openalex.org/W4392860930","https://openalex.org/W4399643554","https://openalex.org/W4401326306","https://openalex.org/W4405244019","https://openalex.org/W4406825253","https://openalex.org/W4408854080","https://openalex.org/W4409382990","https://openalex.org/W4410441775","https://openalex.org/W4410858710","https://openalex.org/W4411123346","https://openalex.org/W4411411324","https://openalex.org/W4411740674","https://openalex.org/W4411989834","https://openalex.org/W4414290786","https://openalex.org/W4416127928","https://openalex.org/W4416856038","https://openalex.org/W7114914200","https://openalex.org/W7115733306","https://openalex.org/W7125379382","https://openalex.org/W7128911030","https://openalex.org/W7164357625","https://openalex.org/W7164995920","https://openalex.org/W7201856601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290090520","https://openalex.org/W7169753350","https://openalex.org/W4411411324","https://openalex.org/W3173822485","https://openalex.org/W7160439256","https://openalex.org/W7201987314","https://openalex.org/W7161027779","https://openalex.org/W4386411189","https://openalex.org/W4384159927","https://openalex.org/W4386988164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,103],"examines":[3],"the":[4,69,94,115,138,151,154,199,228,231],"nexus":[5],"between":[6],"blue":[7,32,43,48,63,106,131,210,232],"bond":[8,107,132,233],"issuance":[9,108],"and":[10,36,85,111,144,178,235,239],"ocean":[11,57,116,124,170,184,214],"sustainability":[12,18,58,125,152],"in":[13,23,68,77,223],"selected":[14],"African":[15,70,202,218],"countries.":[16],"Ocean":[17],"is":[19,109,195],"a":[20,31,45,52,196],"major":[21],"concern":[22],"Africa,":[24],"as":[25],"catalytic":[26],"projects":[27,121],"aimed":[28],"at":[29],"guaranteeing":[30],"economy":[33],"are":[34,187],"scarce":[35],"require":[37],"substantial":[38],"financing.":[39],"The":[40,102,134,172],"issue":[41],"of":[42,47,137,153,190,201,230],"bonds,":[44],"variation":[46],"finance,":[49],"could":[50],"be":[51,127],"plausible":[53],"solution":[54],"to":[55,81,114,205,212,226],"finance":[56,213],"needs.":[59],"Despite":[60],"their":[61],"importance,":[62],"bonds":[64,211],"face":[65],"persistent":[66],"barriers":[67],"context;":[71],"therefore,":[72],"they":[73],"have":[74],"been":[75],"issued":[76],"only":[78],"three":[79],"countries":[80,92],"date:":[82],"Seychelles,":[83],"Gabon,":[84],"Cape":[86],"Verde.":[87],"Panel":[88],"data":[89],"from":[90],"these":[91,191],"for":[93,174,198],"years":[95],"2018\u20132023":[96],"were":[97,180],"analysed":[98],"using":[99],"fixed-effects":[100],"regressions.":[101],"found":[104],"that":[105,120,147,162,244],"positively":[110,181],"significantly":[112,159],"related":[113],"health":[117],"index,":[118],"implying":[119],"focused":[122],"on":[123],"can":[126],"financed":[128],"viably":[129],"through":[130,209],"proceeds.":[133],"growth":[135,149],"rate":[136],"gross":[139],"domestic":[140],"product":[141],"was":[142,158],"positive":[143],"significant,":[145],"indicating":[146,161],"economic":[148],"increases":[150],"oceans.":[155],"Regulatory":[156],"quality":[157],"negative,":[160],"ineffective":[163],"regulatory":[164,242],"enforcement":[165],"stifles":[166],"progress":[167],"towards":[168],"improving":[169],"sustainability.":[171,185],"proxies":[173],"carbon":[175],"dioxide":[176],"emissions":[177],"inflation":[179],"associated":[182],"with":[183,246],"There":[186],"several":[188],"implications":[189],"findings.":[192],"Firstly,":[193],"there":[194],"need":[197],"development":[200,229],"capital":[203,240],"markets":[204],"accommodate":[206],"innovative":[207],"financing":[208],"sustainability-related":[215],"projects.":[216],"Secondly,":[217],"national":[219],"governments":[220],"must":[221],"invest":[222],"financial":[224],"infrastructure":[225],"support":[227],"market":[234,241],"ensure":[236],"robust":[237],"institutional":[238],"frameworks":[243],"align":[245],"international":[247],"standards.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
