{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224904155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","title":"A fictitious-source formulation for direct numerical simulation of turbulent boundary layers in prescribed pressure gradients","display_name":"A fictitious-source formulation for direct numerical simulation of turbulent boundary layers in prescribed pressure gradients","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224904155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11223057/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11223057/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067286843","display_name":"Alessandro Ceci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-1677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-1677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150763","display_name":"Gran Sasso Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/043qcb444","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Ceci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gran Sasso Science Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gran Sasso Science Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005600576","display_name":"Christoph Wenzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-952X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-952X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Wenzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071316495","display_name":"Sergio Pirozzoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-3023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-3023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Pirozzoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sapienza University of Rome"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10173","display_name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","score":0.7598000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10173","display_name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","score":0.7598000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.23469999432563782,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10944","display_name":"Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulent-boundary-layer","display_name":"turbulent boundary layer","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-gradient","display_name":"pressure gradient","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressible-boundary-layer","display_name":"compressible boundary layer","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supersonic-boundary-layer","display_name":"supersonic boundary layer","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamic-consistency","display_name":"thermodynamic consistency","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streamline-curvature","display_name":"streamline curvature","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-pressure-gradient","display_name":"adverse pressure gradient","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/favorable-pressure-gradient","display_name":"favorable pressure gradient","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulent-stresses","display_name":"turbulent stresses","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84655787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817","display_name":"Compressibility","level":2,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205991772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221337","display_name":"Supersonic speed","level":2,"score":0.6211000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6065000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165231844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160669","display_name":"Mach number","level":2,"score":0.5583999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16038011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779570065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754137","display_name":"Leading edge","level":2,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98156149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414143","display_name":"Pressure gradient","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172959903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907271","display_name":"Isentropic process","level":2,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18533594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227572","display_name":"Direct numerical simulation","level":4,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112124176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698744","display_name":"Airfoil","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5192115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2705141","display_name":"Compressible flow","level":3,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776911258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5501170","display_name":"Freestream","level":4,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151890184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660471","display_name":"Boundary layer thickness","level":3,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11223057/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11223057/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11223057/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224904155.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224904155.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992370931","https://openalex.org/W2042306753","https://openalex.org/W2046045328","https://openalex.org/W2057848798","https://openalex.org/W2112752310","https://openalex.org/W2157772548","https://openalex.org/W2215719736","https://openalex.org/W2557264937","https://openalex.org/W2740391563","https://openalex.org/W2744344656","https://openalex.org/W2915208608","https://openalex.org/W2972513187","https://openalex.org/W2979754495","https://openalex.org/W2980121214","https://openalex.org/W3132342070","https://openalex.org/W4214816583","https://openalex.org/W4405171170","https://openalex.org/W4410089947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6980680247","https://openalex.org/W655237890","https://openalex.org/W2085206070","https://openalex.org/W3158324301","https://openalex.org/W2340651883","https://openalex.org/W3164309099","https://openalex.org/W2072457484","https://openalex.org/W54447773","https://openalex.org/W4317584358","https://openalex.org/W131132579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,151],"fictitious-source":[2],"formulation":[3,69],"is":[4,70],"introduced":[5],"for":[6,72],"prescribing":[7],"general":[8],"streamwise":[9],"pressure-gradient":[10,185],"distributions":[11,186],"at":[12,118],"the":[13,47,53,61,86,135,158,162,169],"boundary-layer":[14,18,144,171],"edge":[15,124],"in":[16,143,194],"compressible":[17,195],"simulations":[19,84],"whileretaining":[20],"a":[21,28,177],"flat":[22],"Cartesian":[23],"domain.":[24],"The":[25,68,90,181],"method":[26,182],"constructs":[27],"thermodynamically":[29],"consistent":[30],"quasi-one-dimensional":[31],"isentropic":[32],"outer-flow":[33,149],"target,":[34],"from":[35],"which":[36,165],"compatible":[37],"mass,":[38],"streamwise-momentum":[39],"andtotal-energy":[40],"source":[41],"terms":[42],"are":[43,57,101,128],"derived.":[44],"These":[45],"replace":[46],"streamtube":[48],"expansion":[49],"or":[50],"contraction":[51],"associatedwith":[52],"target":[54],"evolution":[55],"and":[56,75,81,99,126,137,196],"blended":[58],"out":[59],"towards":[60],"boundary":[62,116,198],"layer,":[63],"leaving":[64],"its":[65],"internal":[66],"dynamicsunforced.":[67],"validated":[71],"low-speed":[73],"adverse-":[74],"favourable-pressure-gradient":[76],"turbulentboundary":[77],"layers":[78,117],"against":[79],"expanding-":[80],"contracting-domain":[82],"reference":[83],"sharing":[85],"same":[87],"flatlower":[88],"wall.":[89],"prescribed":[91,189],"edge-velocity":[92,121],"development,":[93],"wall":[94],"friction,":[95],"mean":[96],"velocity":[97,125],"profiles":[98],"turbulentstresses":[100],"reproduced":[102],"with":[103,114,130],"close":[104],"quantitative":[105],"agreement.":[106],"At":[107],"Mach":[108],"2,":[109],"forced":[110],"flat-wall":[111],"configurationsare":[112],"compared":[113],"curved-wall":[115],"closely":[119,147],"matched":[120,148],"distributions.":[122],"Theprescribed":[123],"pressure":[127],"recovered":[129],"only":[131],"small":[132],"deviations,":[133],"whereas":[134],"differentwall":[136],"streamline":[138],"geometries":[139],"produce":[140],"measurable":[141],"differences":[142],"development":[145,172],"despitethe":[146],"histories.":[150],"momentum-integral":[152],"analysis":[153],"including":[154],"streamline-curvatureterms":[155],"further":[156],"underlines":[157],"coupled":[159],"nature":[160],"of":[161],"curvature":[163],"influence,":[164],"affects":[166],"several":[167],"contributionsthrough":[168],"modified":[170],"rather":[173],"than":[174],"appearing":[175],"as":[176],"single":[178],"explicit":[179],"curvatureterm.":[180],"thereby":[183],"enables":[184],"to":[187],"be":[188],"independently":[190],"ofwall":[191],"geometry,":[192],"particularly":[193],"supersonic":[197],"layers.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
