{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224901251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","title":"From N2 Excitation to NOx Formation at Atmospheric Pressure: Energy Flow Mechanisms of Vibrational and Electronic Excitation Pathways in Plasma Nitrogen Fixation","display_name":"From N2 Excitation to NOx Formation at Atmospheric Pressure: Energy Flow Mechanisms of Vibrational and Electronic Excitation Pathways in Plasma Nitrogen Fixation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224901251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57082650","display_name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","issn_l":"0963-0252","issn":["0963-0252","1361-6595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123804361","display_name":"LeKang Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2720-0661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2720-0661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LeKang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2720-0661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077481958","display_name":"Jun\u2010Jie Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-6452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-6452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Jie Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-6452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103656867","display_name":"LI Jia-lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-4456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-4456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-4456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004515124","display_name":"Zhijian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-6131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-6131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-6131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005983820","display_name":"Lanlan Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-2775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-2775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanlan Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-2775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035682175","display_name":"Qing Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-9567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-9567"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-9567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085241766","display_name":"Xinpei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-9585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-9585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinpei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-9585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004515124","https://openalex.org/A5103656867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84909115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10523","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox-formation","display_name":"NOx formation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-energy-deposition","display_name":"electron energy deposition","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibrational-distribution-function","display_name":"vibrational distribution function","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-electric-field","display_name":"reduced electric field","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibrational-heating","display_name":"vibrational heating","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.762499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.7023000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203032635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20962970","display_name":"NOx","level":3,"score":0.6933000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.636900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123669783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902898","display_name":"Electron transfer","level":2,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776077392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7924658","display_name":"Vibrational temperature","level":3,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778005398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358172","display_name":"Electron excitation","level":3,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24123453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900121","display_name":"Molecular vibration","level":3,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206815995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341307","display_name":"Energy flow","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89508514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488071","display_name":"Electric discharge","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993504562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351281","display_name":"Vibrational energy","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57082650","display_name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","issn_l":"0963-0252","issn":["0963-0252","1361-6595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6595/aebbf1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57082650","display_name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","issn_l":"0963-0252","issn":["0963-0252","1361-6595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2993958474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52277150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6121666358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52577148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6854503161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52130701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224901251.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224901251.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1623532987","https://openalex.org/W1966814994","https://openalex.org/W1970426374","https://openalex.org/W1973230654","https://openalex.org/W1980141716","https://openalex.org/W2010127441","https://openalex.org/W2019972307","https://openalex.org/W2022187102","https://openalex.org/W2024265258","https://openalex.org/W2026914628","https://openalex.org/W2027653136","https://openalex.org/W2061060582","https://openalex.org/W2068674765","https://openalex.org/W2090249248","https://openalex.org/W2092483960","https://openalex.org/W2092693712","https://openalex.org/W2110093231","https://openalex.org/W2137024182","https://openalex.org/W2144799133","https://openalex.org/W2144877563","https://openalex.org/W2153357396","https://openalex.org/W2160203379","https://openalex.org/W2223046813","https://openalex.org/W2290226622","https://openalex.org/W2522863321","https://openalex.org/W2571036878","https://openalex.org/W2592943737","https://openalex.org/W2745794366","https://openalex.org/W2776665572","https://openalex.org/W2803438242","https://openalex.org/W2813668395","https://openalex.org/W2886906281","https://openalex.org/W2906747237","https://openalex.org/W2915628522","https://openalex.org/W2962760942","https://openalex.org/W2964593666","https://openalex.org/W3002582053","https://openalex.org/W3007291094","https://openalex.org/W3147545649","https://openalex.org/W3195419508","https://openalex.org/W3196157005","https://openalex.org/W4206363504","https://openalex.org/W4210781893","https://openalex.org/W4224283236","https://openalex.org/W4241618699","https://openalex.org/W4245104830","https://openalex.org/W4254666096","https://openalex.org/W4287837678","https://openalex.org/W4291476158","https://openalex.org/W4296703288","https://openalex.org/W4321453919","https://openalex.org/W4385455080","https://openalex.org/W4401698068","https://openalex.org/W4403406450","https://openalex.org/W4411166652","https://openalex.org/W4417409277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411166652","https://openalex.org/W4387307788","https://openalex.org/W7154826094","https://openalex.org/W7214905006","https://openalex.org/W4412895573","https://openalex.org/W4205143297","https://openalex.org/W7115580388","https://openalex.org/W7117963196","https://openalex.org/W3033839093","https://openalex.org/W4206554483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Atmospheric-pressure":[1],"nonequilibrium":[2],"plasma":[3,93],"(APNP)":[4],"has":[5,23,83],"attracted":[6],"attention":[7],"for":[8,29,271],"nitrogen":[9],"fixation":[10],"(NF)":[11],"because":[12],"it":[13],"enables":[14],"N2":[15,22,45,78,108,117,131,159,188,227,265],"activation":[16],"under":[17],"mild":[18],"conditions.":[19],"Vibrationally":[20],"excited":[21,77,264],"been":[24,85],"considered":[25],"a":[26,34,91,168],"key":[27],"intermediate":[28],"efficient":[30],"NOx":[31,81,111,143,173,203,253,272],"formation,":[32],"since":[33],"large":[35],"fraction":[36,170],"of":[37,126,181,195,220,238,249],"electron":[38,127,154,183],"energy":[39,63,74,105,128,155,184,199,207,223],"can":[40],"be":[41],"selectively":[42],"transferred":[43,129,157,225],"into":[44,130,158,187,211,226],"vibrational":[46,132,160,189,206,239,250,259,284],"excitation":[47,69,109,135,161,251,285],"at":[48,162,215,274],"low":[49,163],"reduced":[50,164,276],"electric":[51,165,277],"fields.":[52,278],"However,":[53],"most":[54,153],"existing":[55],"studies":[56],"have":[57],"mainly":[58],"focused":[59],"on":[60,97,257],"the":[61,72,104,124,138,182,196,221,247,258,268],"initial":[62],"transfer":[64,75],"from":[65,76,107],"electrons":[66],"to":[67,80,101,110,122,142,172,202,234,252],"different":[68],"channels,":[70],"while":[71,230],"subsequent":[73],"states":[79],"formation":[82,112,144,254,273],"not":[84,288],"quantitatively":[86,102],"clarified.":[87],"In":[88,213],"this":[89],"work,":[90],"zero-dimensional":[92],"chemical":[94],"model":[95],"based":[96],"ZDPlasKin":[98],"is":[99,156,185,208,224],"used":[100],"investigate":[103],"flow":[106],"in":[113],"atmospheric-pressure":[114],"air":[115],"(78%":[116],"and":[118,121,133,242],"22%":[119],"O2)":[120],"compare":[123],"fractions":[125,139],"electronic":[134,228],"channels":[136],"with":[137],"ultimately":[140,209],"contributing":[141],"through":[145],"these":[146],"pathways.":[147],"The":[148],"results":[149,280],"show":[150],"that":[151,246,282],"although":[152],"fields,":[166],"only":[167],"small":[169],"contributes":[171,201,233],"formation.":[174],"At":[175],"approximately":[176,218],"40":[177],"Td,":[178,217],"nearly":[179],"95%":[180],"deposited":[186],"excitation,":[190,229],"whereas":[191,262],"less":[192],"than":[193],"4%":[194],"total":[197],"input":[198,222],"finally":[200],"production.":[204],"Most":[205],"converted":[210],"heat.":[212],"contrast,":[214],"100":[216],"35%":[219],"about":[231],"8.9%":[232],"NOx.":[235],"Further":[236],"analyses":[237],"distribution":[240],"functions":[241],"reaction":[243],"pathways":[244],"reveal":[245],"contribution":[248],"strongly":[255],"depends":[256],"population":[260],"distribution,":[261],"electronically":[263],"gradually":[266],"becomes":[267],"dominant":[269],"pathway":[270],"high":[275,291],"These":[279],"demonstrate":[281],"maximizing":[283],"alone":[286],"does":[287],"necessarily":[289],"guarantee":[290],"NF":[292],"efficiency.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
