{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224876334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","title":"Baseline Differences by Biological Sex on Clinical Measures of Sport Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes","display_name":"Baseline Differences by Biological Sex on Clinical Measures of Sport Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224876334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143305869","display_name":"Journal of Athletic Training","issn_l":"1062-6050","issn":["1062-6050","1938-162X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324034529","host_organization_name":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324034529"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Athletic Trainers' Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Athletic Training","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160219098","display_name":"Emily Vandersteen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Vandersteen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, University of Virginia Address: 550 Brandon Avenue Charlottesville, Virginia 22903 Email: yqt8fr@virginia.edu Phone Number: 501-515-2384"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, University of Virginia Address: 550 Brandon Avenue Charlottesville, Virginia 22903 Email: yqt8fr@virginia.edu Phone Number: 501-515-2384","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048453637","display_name":"Dan Rosenblum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129714","display_name":"Smith & Nephew (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03agge938","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129714"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Rosenblum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smith and Nephew Email: daniel.rosenblum@smith-nephew.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smith and Nephew Email: daniel.rosenblum@smith-nephew.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001969697","display_name":"Michaela R Ellison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michaela Ellison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University Email: micki.ellison@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University Email: micki.ellison@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014510616","display_name":"Donna K. Broshek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-7815","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-7815"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donna Broshek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia Email: dkb6v@uvahealth.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia Email: dkb6v@uvahealth.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006460502","display_name":"Siobh\u00e1n M. Statuta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-431X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-431X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siobhan Statuta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia Email: sms5bb@uvahealth.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia Email: sms5bb@uvahealth.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111130846","display_name":"Jake Resch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6031-3197","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6031-3197"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jake Resch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, University of Virginia Email: jer6x@virginia.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, University of Virginia Email: jer6x@virginia.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85669888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-related-concussion","display_name":"sports-related concussion","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline-concussion-assessment","display_name":"baseline concussion assessment","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collegiate-athletes","display_name":"collegiate athletes","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concussion-symptoms","display_name":"concussion symptoms","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"balance","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-assessment-protocol","display_name":"standardized assessment protocol","score":0.8220000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6330999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.6258000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778426673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326921","display_name":"Concussion","level":4,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5023000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43893838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840545","display_name":"Sports medicine","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6057870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141248","display_name":"Cognitive test","level":3,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780978199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7121917","display_name":"Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test","level":4,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778945730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517875","display_name":"Sex characteristics","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920572","display_name":"Head injury","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98347192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705804","display_name":"Test score","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143305869","display_name":"Journal of Athletic Training","issn_l":"1062-6050","issn":["1062-6050","1938-162X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324034529","host_organization_name":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324034529"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Athletic Trainers' Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Athletic Training","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0737.25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143305869","display_name":"Journal of Athletic Training","issn_l":"1062-6050","issn":["1062-6050","1938-162X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324034529","host_organization_name":"National Athletic Trainers' Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324034529"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Athletic Trainers' Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Athletic Training","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414226140","https://openalex.org/W2617552473","https://openalex.org/W3044707502","https://openalex.org/W2159993984","https://openalex.org/W3208996772","https://openalex.org/W7096951178","https://openalex.org/W7098396378","https://openalex.org/W4390079280","https://openalex.org/W4213342818","https://openalex.org/W3206942169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Context:":[1],"Biological":[2],"sex":[3,27,142,263],"has":[4],"been":[5],"demonstrated":[6],"to":[7,25,136,171,221],"influence":[8],"pre-injury":[9],"(baseline)":[10],"performance":[11,233],"on":[12,83,228,234],"some":[13],"clinical":[14,138,239,252,277],"measures":[15],"of":[16,21,76,262,271],"concussion.":[17],"Objective:":[18],"The":[19],"objective":[20],"our":[22],"study":[23],"was":[24],"examine":[26],"differences":[28,208,227],"across":[29,284],"a":[30],"comprehensive,":[31],"multidimensional":[32],"baseline":[33],"assessment":[34,273],"that":[35,276],"included":[36,250],"mental":[37],"health":[38],"(anxiety":[39],"and":[40,44,99,124,157,164,190,195,212,231,237,254],"depression),":[41],"balance,":[42],"cognition,":[43],"symptoms":[45],"in":[46,209,219],"active":[47],"collegiate":[48,65],"athletes.":[49],"Design:":[50],"Cross-sectional":[51],"study.":[52],"Setting:":[53],"University":[54],"sports":[55],"medicine":[56],"clinic.":[57],"Patients":[58],"or":[59,264],"Other":[60],"Participants:":[61],"Healthy":[62],"Division":[63],"I":[64],"athletes":[66],"(":[67,143],"n":[68],"=":[69],"2668":[70],",":[71],"41.3%":[72],"female,":[73],"19.1\u00b11.41":[74],"years":[75],"age)":[77],"were":[78,134],"divided":[79],"into":[80],"groups":[81],"based":[82],"sex.":[84],"Main":[85],"Outcome":[86],"Measures:":[87],"Participants":[88],"completed":[89,177],"the":[90,103,108,114,119,125,178,229,235,247,269],"Generalized":[91],"Anxiety":[92],"Disorder":[93],"Inventory":[94],"(GAD-7),":[95],"Immediate":[96],"Post-concussion":[97],"Assessment":[98],"Cognitive":[100],"Test":[101,117],"(ImPACT),":[102],"Patient":[104],"Health":[105],"Questionnaire":[106],"(PHQ-9),":[107],"Revised":[109],"Head":[110],"Injury":[111],"Scale":[112],"(HIS-r),":[113],"Sensory":[115],"Organization":[116],"(SOT),":[118],"Timed":[120],"Tandem":[121],"Gait":[122],"(TG),":[123],"Vestibular":[126],"Ocular":[127],"Motor":[128],"Screen":[129],"(VOMS).":[130],"Mann-Whitney":[131],"U":[132],"tests":[133],"used":[135],"compare":[137],"outcome":[139,167,197,240,278],"scores":[140,168,279],"by":[141],"p":[144,187],"<":[145],"0.05":[146],").":[147],"Results:":[148],"Females":[149],"had":[150,192],"significantly":[151],"higher":[152],"GAD-7":[153],"(1.8\u00b12.91),":[154],"PHQ-9":[155],"(1.4\u00b12.37),":[156],"HIS-r":[158],"symptom":[159,214],"quantity":[160],"(1.1\u00b11.76),":[161],"duration":[162],"(3.14\u00b15.69),":[163],"severity":[165,215],"(1.1\u00b12.61)":[166],"when":[169],"compared":[170],"males":[172],"(all":[173],"p<0.05).":[174],"Males":[175,189],"(11.8+2.95s)":[176],"TG":[179,230],"1.9":[180],"seconds":[181],"faster":[182],"than":[183],"females":[184,191],"(13.6+2.92s":[185],"[":[186],"<0.001]).":[188],"similar":[193,232],"ImPACT":[194,236],"SOT":[196,238],"scores.":[198,241],"Conclusions:":[199],"In":[200],"alignment":[201],"with":[202],"existing":[203],"literature,":[204],"we":[205,224],"observed":[206,225],"sex-based":[207],"anxiety,":[210],"depression,":[211],"concussion-like":[213],"at":[216],"baseline;":[217],"however,":[218],"contrast":[220],"previous":[222],"research,":[223],"sex-specific":[226],"Our":[242,266],"findings":[243,267],"may":[244],"be":[245],"due":[246],"methodology":[248],"which":[249],"standardized":[251,272],"environments":[253],"identical":[255],"administration":[256],"procedures":[257],"for":[258],"all":[259,285],"student-athletes":[260],"regardless":[261],"sport.":[265],"highlight":[268],"importance":[270],"protocols":[274],"ensuring":[275],"accurately":[280],"inform":[281],"post-concussion":[282],"decision-making":[283],"student-athletes.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}