{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224869569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","title":"PestFG-RTDETR: an efficient pest detector for small targets in dense trap-captured scenes","display_name":"PestFG-RTDETR: an efficient pest detector for small targets in dense trap-captured scenes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224869569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160238448","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160175176","display_name":"Xianliang Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianliang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119604764","display_name":"Zijian Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7612-1658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7612-1658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033953967","display_name":"Guang Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-4505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-4505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160175176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"],"apc_list":{"value":1175,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1418},"apc_paid":{"value":1175,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1418},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81135864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.05730000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-pest-detection","display_name":"agricultural pest detection","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-object-detection","display_name":"small object detection","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-upsampling","display_name":"dynamic upsampling","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-backbone-network","display_name":"lightweight backbone","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copy-paste-augmentation","display_name":"copy-paste augmentation","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-class-augmentation","display_name":"minority class augmentation","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-pests","display_name":"rice pests","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-monitoring","display_name":"pest monitoring","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.3070000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22508944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568174","display_name":"PEST analysis","level":2,"score":0.7522000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5404000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993762632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219174","display_name":"Agricultural pest","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C532801124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1944497","display_name":"Crop protection","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540442320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306047","display_name":"Pest control","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f117a1bbf90242d2ba0896914c13bde7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f117a1bbf90242d2ba0896914c13bde7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1940983/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2555618439","display_name":"\u878d\u5408\u591a\u6e90\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u866b\u5bb3\u76d1\u6d4b\u9884\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"LTGN24F020001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322605","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224869569.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224869569.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W2067361549","https://openalex.org/W2205610530","https://openalex.org/W2612844455","https://openalex.org/W2616118247","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963494934","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W3042482584","https://openalex.org/W3111156583","https://openalex.org/W4200631217","https://openalex.org/W4230821184","https://openalex.org/W4308496879","https://openalex.org/W4309731542","https://openalex.org/W4312832682","https://openalex.org/W4384207671","https://openalex.org/W4386047745","https://openalex.org/W4386596896","https://openalex.org/W4386903037","https://openalex.org/W4387826137","https://openalex.org/W4390873058","https://openalex.org/W4391385012","https://openalex.org/W4402754006","https://openalex.org/W4409894380","https://openalex.org/W4415795831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313275642","https://openalex.org/W4409554191","https://openalex.org/W7127052287","https://openalex.org/W4409528848","https://openalex.org/W7167817629","https://openalex.org/W7159668701","https://openalex.org/W7155411087","https://openalex.org/W4385446918","https://openalex.org/W7126077646","https://openalex.org/W4386596896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agricultural":[0],"pests":[1],"pose":[2],"a":[3,58,71,77,159],"persistent":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,39,83,173],"crop":[7,19],"yield":[8],"and":[9,13,48,70,87,113,122,138,156],"quality,":[10],"making":[11],"accurate":[12],"efficient":[14],"detection":[15,32,177],"essential":[16],"for":[17,27],"modern":[18],"protection.":[20],"Although":[21],"trap-based":[22,175],"systems":[23],"are":[24],"widely":[25],"used":[26],"automatic":[28],"pest":[29,31,41,91,162,176],"monitoring,":[30],"in":[33],"captured":[34],"images":[35],"remains":[36],"challenging":[37],"due":[38],"tiny":[40],"bodies,":[42],"clustered":[43],"distributions,":[44],"diverse":[45],"capture":[46],"states,":[47],"inter-class":[49],"similarity.":[50],"To":[51],"address":[52],"these":[53],"challenges,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"PestFG-RTDETR,":[57],"detector":[59],"with":[60,134],"three":[61],"key":[62],"components:":[63],"frequency-guided":[64],"adaptive":[65],"feature":[66],"interaction,":[67],"dynamic":[68],"upsampling,":[69],"lightweight":[72],"backbone.":[73],"We":[74],"also":[75],"introduce":[76],"biologically":[78],"inspired":[79],"Copy-Paste":[80],"augmentation":[81],"strategy":[82],"enrich":[84],"minority":[85],"classes":[86],"generate":[88],"realistic":[89],"dense":[90],"layouts":[92],"on":[93,158],"the":[94,148,151,167],"dataset.":[95],"When":[96],"evaluated":[97],"at":[98],"an":[99,109,114],"input":[100],"resolution":[101],"of":[102,111,116,150],"416":[103,105],"\u00d7":[104],"pixels,":[106],"PestFG-RTDETR":[107,143],"achieves":[108,144],"mAP@0.5":[110],"61.64%":[112],"mAP@0.5:0.95":[115],"37.27%,":[117],"outperforming":[118],"RT-DETR-R18":[119],"by":[120],"4.67":[121],"6.08":[123],"percentage":[124],"points,":[125],"respectively,":[126],"while":[127],"using":[128],"1.55M":[129],"fewer":[130],"parameters.":[131],"Extensive":[132],"comparisons":[133],"representative":[135],"two-stage,":[136],"one-stage,":[137],"transformer-based":[139],"detectors":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142,166],"competitive":[145],"performance,":[146],"indicating":[147],"effectiveness":[149],"proposed":[152,168],"design.":[153],"Independent":[154],"training":[155],"evaluation":[157],"self-collected":[160],"rice":[161],"dataset":[163],"further":[164],"indicate":[165],"architecture":[169],"can":[170],"be":[171],"applied":[172],"another":[174],"scenario.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}