{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224868143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","title":"Comparative post-hatching histogenesis of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts in chickens, ducks, and pigeons","display_name":"Comparative post-hatching histogenesis of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts in chickens, ducks, and pigeons","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224868143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018403879","display_name":"Nazema S. Abdel\u2010Megeid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazema S. Abdel-Megeid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University","Veterinary Medicine Program, Menoufia National University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterinary Medicine Program, Menoufia National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037627371","display_name":"Liana Mihaela Fericean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-0342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-0342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85920734","display_name":"Univesity of Life Science \"King Mihai I\" from Timisoara","ror":"https://ror.org/02pjx9m11","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85920734"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liana Fericean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85920734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086289392","display_name":"\u0633\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami F. Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University","Research Center of Basic Sciences, Engineering and High Altitude, Taif University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Basic Sciences, Engineering and High Altitude, Taif University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005012794","display_name":"Ahmed Essam Elweza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-2366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-2366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I338016083","display_name":"University of Sadat City","ror":"https://ror.org/05p2q6194","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elweza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160228710","display_name":"B\u0103n\u0103\u0163ean-Dunea Ioan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85920734","display_name":"Univesity of Life Science \"King Mihai I\" from Timisoara","ror":"https://ror.org/02pjx9m11","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85920734"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u0103n\u0103\u0163ean-Dunea Ioan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85920734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092871551","display_name":"Ostan Mihaela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2501-3638","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2501-3638"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85920734","display_name":"Univesity of Life Science \"King Mihai I\" from Timisoara","ror":"https://ror.org/02pjx9m11","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85920734"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihaela Ostan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85920734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110765095","display_name":"Olga Rada","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85920734","display_name":"Univesity of Life Science \"King Mihai I\" from Timisoara","ror":"https://ror.org/02pjx9m11","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85920734"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Rada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Michael I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85920734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134825968","display_name":"Ahmed Magdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1383-4513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1383-4513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151980","display_name":"Badr University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbvjc27","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151980"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Magdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151980"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070277236","display_name":"Mohamed Abdo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-3420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-3420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I338016083","display_name":"University of Sadat City","ror":"https://ror.org/05p2q6194","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151980","display_name":"Badr University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbvjc27","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151980"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abdo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City","Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151980"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037627371","https://openalex.org/A5070277236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I338016083","https://openalex.org/I4210151980","https://openalex.org/I85920734"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13100","display_name":"Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13100","display_name":"Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10518","display_name":"Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallbladder","display_name":"gallbladder","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrahepatic-bile-ducts","display_name":"extrahepatic bile ducts","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-hatching-development","display_name":"post-hatching development","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chickens","display_name":"chickens","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ducks","display_name":"ducks","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeons","display_name":"pigeons","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/villous-morphology","display_name":"villous morphology","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucin-production","display_name":"mucin production","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphocytic-infiltration","display_name":"lymphocyte infiltration","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-anatomy","display_name":"comparative anatomy","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191548132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355306","display_name":"Histogenesis","level":3,"score":0.8590999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777148285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64386","display_name":"Gallbladder","level":2,"score":0.7742000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6858999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777744765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734755","display_name":"Hatching","level":2,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909074800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851111","display_name":"Extrahepatic Bile Ducts","level":3,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179264091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410862","display_name":"Mucin","level":2,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529295009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41301","display_name":"Epithelium","level":2,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57742111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168","display_name":"Histology","level":2,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777312293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3649349","display_name":"Mucus","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138981284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19035","display_name":"Cloaca","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16930146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4381253","display_name":"Stromal cell","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778378574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214264","display_name":"Anas","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816418","display_name":"Efferent","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f21f4229de744f30b6e0894647f54332","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f21f4229de744f30b6e0894647f54332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1969438/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224868143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224868143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19081735","https://openalex.org/W1640028164","https://openalex.org/W2034780692","https://openalex.org/W2086624226","https://openalex.org/W2109530695","https://openalex.org/W2165411023","https://openalex.org/W2321277893","https://openalex.org/W2487643522","https://openalex.org/W2561289636","https://openalex.org/W2988361739","https://openalex.org/W3109293332","https://openalex.org/W3141290111","https://openalex.org/W4200281736","https://openalex.org/W4220685642","https://openalex.org/W4285109594","https://openalex.org/W4313417110","https://openalex.org/W4379057674","https://openalex.org/W4387401731","https://openalex.org/W4406443567","https://openalex.org/W4412788410","https://openalex.org/W7125828166","https://openalex.org/W7165156237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386579904","https://openalex.org/W4401966669","https://openalex.org/W3141290111","https://openalex.org/W4406443567","https://openalex.org/W4410876776","https://openalex.org/W4312953655","https://openalex.org/W1640028164","https://openalex.org/W2154643932","https://openalex.org/W1731436328","https://openalex.org/W2156719903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"The":[1,122,152,233],"post-hatching":[2,25,93,211,246,270],"development":[3,271],"of":[4,19,38,67,85,218,272],"the":[5,16,20,36,194,219,268,273],"gallbladder":[6,123,153,220],"and":[7,53,89,115,124,133,144,158,168,189,200,206,230,239,255,277,284,302],"extrahepatic":[8,125],"bile":[9,126,183],"ducts":[10,127,184],"play":[11],"an":[12],"important":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,42,156,162,170,174,192,248,279],"functional":[17],"maturation":[18,217],"avian":[21,274,299],"digestive":[22],"system.":[23],"However,":[24],"histogenesis":[26,37],"is":[27],"poorly":[28],"characterized":[29,222],"among":[30],"species.":[31],"This":[32,262],"comparative":[33,280],"study":[34,263],"investigated":[35],"these":[39],"biliary":[40,275],"structures":[41],"chickens":[43,203],"(":[44,49,55,77],"Gallus":[45],"gallus":[46],"domesticus),":[47],"ducks":[48,88,175],"Anas":[50],"platyrhynchos":[51],")":[52,58],"pigeons":[54,90],"Columba":[56],"livia":[57],"from":[59,74],"one":[60,103],"day":[61,98],"after":[62],"hatching":[63,106],"to":[64],"eight":[65],"months":[66,112,119],"age.":[68],"Methods":[69],"Tissue":[70],"samples":[71],"were":[72,128,185,197],"examined":[73,129,245],"Forty":[75],"birds":[76],"n":[78],"=":[79],"16,16,8":[80],"for":[81,295],"each":[82],"age":[83],"group)":[84],"domestic":[86],"chickens,":[87,171],"at":[91,243],"four":[92],"stages;":[94],"Stage":[95,101,109,116],"I:":[96],"first":[97],"(1":[99,107],"dph);":[100],"II:":[102],"month":[104],"post":[105],"mph),":[108],"III:":[110],"4":[111],"(4":[113],"mph)":[114],"IV:":[117],"8":[118],"(8":[120],"mph).":[121],"by":[130,223],"gross":[131],"morphology":[132],"light":[134],"microscopy":[135],"with":[136],"H&E,":[137],"Masson\u2019s":[138],"trichrome,":[139],"Wiegert\u2019s":[140],"elastic":[141],"tissue":[142],"Stain,":[143],"combined":[145],"PAS/Alcian":[146],"blue":[147,241],"(pH":[148],"2.5)":[149],"staining.":[150],"Results":[151],"was":[154,166],"present":[155],"chicken":[157],"duck":[159],"but":[160],"absent":[161],"pigeon.":[163],"Morphologically":[164],"it":[165],"elongated":[167,208],"tubular":[169],"while":[172],"ovoid":[173],"occupying":[176],"a":[177,256,292],"deep":[178],"cystic":[179],"fossa.":[180],"Three":[181],"extra-hepatic":[182],"visualized:":[186],"Hepato-cystic,":[187],"Cystico-enteric":[188],"Hepato-enteric.":[190],"Histologically,":[191],"ducks,":[193],"mucosal":[195,258],"villi":[196],"consistently":[198],"shorter":[199],"broader,":[201],"whereas":[202],"exhibited":[204],"taller":[205],"more":[207],"villi.":[209],"During":[210],"development,":[212],"both":[213,249],"species":[214],"showed":[215,236],"progressive":[216,227],"mucosa,":[221],"increased":[224],"villous":[225],"complexity,":[226],"stromal":[228],"collagenization,":[229],"lymphocytic":[231],"infiltration.":[232],"lining":[234],"epithelium":[235],"strong":[237],"PAS":[238],"Alcian":[240],"positivity":[242],"all":[244],"stages":[247],"species,":[250],"indicating":[251],"persistent":[252],"mucin":[253],"production":[254],"constitutive":[257],"protective":[259],"barrier.":[260],"Discussion":[261],"provides":[264],"baseline":[265],"information":[266],"on":[267,298],"normal":[269],"system":[276],"share":[278],"anatomy,":[281],"developmental":[282],"biology":[283],"veterinary":[285],"pathology":[286],"as":[287,289,291],"well":[288],"serving":[290],"fruitful":[293],"reference":[294],"future":[296],"studies":[297],"hepatobiliary":[300],"health":[301],"disease.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
