{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224867769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615","title":"CIGARETTE SMOKING AND SURGICAL WOUND HEALING: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE COHORT STUDY OF POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN SOUTH INDIA","display_name":"CIGARETTE SMOKING AND SURGICAL WOUND HEALING: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE COHORT STUDY OF POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN SOUTH INDIA","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224867769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23790615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764492878","display_name":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","issn_l":"2277-7105","issn":["2277-7105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160194999","display_name":"Deepak S. Yadav*1, Rilaakor Nongrum1, Saroj Mondal1, Sowmya V. S.2, D. K. Sai Sruthi2","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deepak S. Yadav*1, Rilaakor Nongrum1, Saroj Mondal1, Sowmya V. S.2, D. K. Sai Sruthi2","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160194999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81069448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10771","display_name":"Wound Healing and Treatments","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10771","display_name":"Wound Healing and Treatments","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11080","display_name":"Surgical site infection prevention","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoking","display_name":"cigarette smoking","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-wound-healing","display_name":"delayed wound healing","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-site-infection","display_name":"surgical site infection","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pain","display_name":"postoperative pain","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clean-and-clean-contaminated-surgery","display_name":"clean and clean-contaminated surgery","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-complications","display_name":"postoperative complications","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation-interventions","display_name":"smoking cessation interventions","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-skill-assessment","display_name":"surgical skill assessment","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-skills-training","display_name":"surgical skills training","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.965399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.7168999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6492000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.6446999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.588100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019085024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Cigarette smoking","level":2,"score":0.5177000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020304732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671866","display_name":"Surgical wound","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991842025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Tertiary care","level":2,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98265973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413651","display_name":"Pack-year","level":3,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780269544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509074","display_name":"Wound healing","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777106319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362104","display_name":"Institutional review board","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994102832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81938","display_name":"Postoperative pain","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23790615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764492878","display_name":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","issn_l":"2277-7105","issn":["2277-7105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23790616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764492878","display_name":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","issn_l":"2277-7105","issn":["2277-7105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23790615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23790615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764492878","display_name":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","issn_l":"2277-7105","issn":["2277-7105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101828698","https://openalex.org/W4404870390","https://openalex.org/W4284968863","https://openalex.org/W1416868829","https://openalex.org/W4392161744","https://openalex.org/W7221181172","https://openalex.org/W2307612330","https://openalex.org/W6941324565","https://openalex.org/W4414845416","https://openalex.org/W2188937275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Cigarette":[1],"smoking":[2,123,176,252],"is":[3,281],"a":[4,109,114,128,282],"well-recognised,":[5],"modifiable":[6,286],"determinant":[7],"of":[8,166,189,193,215,220,258,307],"impaired":[9,259],"tissue":[10],"repair,":[11],"yet":[12],"comparative":[13],"data":[14],"quantifying":[15],"its":[16],"effect":[17,303],"on":[18,136,229,244],"postoperative":[19,43,102,137,230,299],"wound":[20,45,183,292],"outcomes":[21],"remain":[22],"limited":[23],"in":[24,213,311,321],"South":[25],"Asian":[26],"surgical":[27,291,322],"populations,":[28],"particularly":[29],"when":[30],"weighed":[31],"against":[32],"common":[33],"comorbidities":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36,202],"diabetes":[37,308],"and":[38,50,55,59,62,99,106,122,131,142,153,156,234,271,285,297],"hypertension.":[39],"Objectives:":[40],"To":[41],"compare":[42],"recovery,":[44],"healing":[46,184,197,260],"status,":[47,121],"pain":[48,227],"trajectory,":[49],"complication":[51],"rates":[52],"between":[53],"smokers":[54,205,216],"non-smokers":[56,190,221],"undergoing":[57],"clean":[58],"clean-contaminated":[60],"surgery,":[61],"to":[63,108,162,179],"determine":[64],"whether":[65],"smoking,":[66],"diabetes,":[67,269],"or":[68,113,309],"hypertension":[69,310],"independently":[70],"predict":[71],"delayed":[72,167,196,290],"healing.":[73,168],"Methods:":[74],"A":[75],"six-month":[76],"prospective":[77],"observational":[78],"cohort":[79],"study":[80],"was":[81,160,177,185,198,253],"conducted":[82],"at":[83],"Basaveshwara":[84],"Medical":[85],"College":[86],"Hospital":[87],"&":[88],"Research":[89],"Centre,":[90],"Chitradurga,":[91],"following":[92],"institutional":[93],"ethics":[94],"committee":[95],"approval.":[96],"Two":[97],"hundred":[98],"twenty":[100],"adult":[101],"patients":[103],"were":[104,125,133,173],"enrolled":[105],"allocated":[107],"smoker":[110],"group":[111,116],"(n=110)":[112],"non-smoker":[115],"(n=110).":[117],"Demographic":[118],"data,":[119],"comorbidity":[120],"history":[124],"captured":[126],"with":[127,218,239,301],"structured":[129],"questionnaire,":[130],"wounds":[132],"assessed":[134],"serially":[135],"days":[138,231],"4,":[139,232],"7,":[140],"10,":[141,233],"15":[143,235],"using":[144],"standard":[145],"clinical":[146],"wound-grading":[147],"criteria.":[148],"Group":[149],"comparisons":[150],"used":[151,161],"chi-square":[152],"independent-samples":[154],"t-tests,":[155],"multivariate":[157,249],"logistic":[158,250],"regression":[159],"identify":[163],"independent":[164,256],"predictors":[165],"Results:":[169],"The":[170],"two":[171],"groups":[172],"age-matched":[174],"(p=0.747);":[175],"confined":[178],"male":[180],"participants.":[181],"Healthy":[182],"achieved":[186],"by":[187],"83.6%":[188],"versus":[191],"60.9%":[192],"smokers,":[194],"while":[195],"more":[199],"than":[200],"twice":[201],"frequent":[203],"among":[204],"(39.1%":[206],"vs":[207],"16.4%;":[208],"p<0.001).":[209],"Postoperative":[210],"infection":[211,295],"occurred":[212],"10.0%":[214],"compared":[217],"2.7%":[219],"(p=0.050).":[222],"Smokers":[223],"reported":[224],"significantly":[225],"higher":[226,294],"scores":[228],"(p<0.001":[236],"for":[237,289],"each),":[238],"no":[240],"significant":[241],"between-group":[242],"difference":[243],"day":[245],"7":[246],"(p=0.245).":[247],"On":[248],"regression,":[251],"the":[254],"only":[255],"predictor":[257],"(odds":[261],"ratio":[262],"0.32,":[263],"95%":[264],"confidence":[265],"interval":[266],"0.17\u20130.60,":[267],"p<0.001);":[268],"hypertension,":[270],"their":[272],"coexistence":[273],"did":[274],"not":[275],"reach":[276],"statistical":[277],"significance.":[278],"Conclusion:":[279],"Smoking":[280],"dominant,":[283],"independent,":[284],"risk":[287],"factor":[288],"healing,":[293],"rates,":[296],"greater":[298],"pain,":[300],"an":[302],"that":[304,306],"outweighs":[305],"this":[312],"cohort.":[313],"Structured":[314],"preoperative":[315],"smoking-cessation":[316],"counselling":[317],"should":[318],"be":[319],"prioritised":[320],"care":[323],"pathways.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}