{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224864918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","title":"Machine Learning-Based Estimation of Photovoltaic Output Under Environmental Stressors in a Semi-Arid Climate","display_name":"Machine Learning-Based Estimation of Photovoltaic Output Under Environmental Stressors in a Semi-Arid Climate","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224864918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","pdf_url":"https://electricajournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1435/1391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203742","display_name":"Istanbul University - Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering","issn_l":"1303-0914","issn":["1303-0914","2619-9831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTRICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://electricajournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1435/1391","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003058536","display_name":"Javanshir Zeynalov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4985-6371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4985-6371"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javanshir Zeynalov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4985-6371","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028226559","display_name":"M. E. Aliyev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9956-6068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9956-6068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103841","display_name":"Nakhchivan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dqrx648","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71333263","display_name":"Nakhchivan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wne9d91","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}],"countries":["AZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maftun Aliyev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electroenergetics Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9956-6068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electroenergetics Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841","https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111156543","display_name":"Leyla P. Ibrahimova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3955-1074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3955-1074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103841","display_name":"Nakhchivan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dqrx648","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71333263","display_name":"Nakhchivan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wne9d91","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}],"countries":["AZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyla Ibrahimova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Melioration and Ecology Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3955-1074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Melioration and Ecology Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841","https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121493498","display_name":"Gultaj Zeyalzada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2186-3614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2186-3614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103841","display_name":"Nakhchivan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dqrx648","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71333263","display_name":"Nakhchivan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wne9d91","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}],"countries":["AZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gultaj Zeynalzada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Technologies and Computer Engineering , Faculty of Architecture and Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2186-3614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Technologies and Computer Engineering , Faculty of Architecture and Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841","https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064411388","display_name":"Sabina Mahmudova Sabina Mahmudova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2694-1448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2694-1448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103841","display_name":"Nakhchivan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dqrx648","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71333263","display_name":"Nakhchivan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wne9d91","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}],"countries":["AZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabina Mahmudova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Technologies and Computer Engineering , Faculty of Architecture and Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2694-1448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Technologies and Computer Engineering , Faculty of Architecture and Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841","https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114820519","display_name":"Tofiqe Nadirova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5070-8026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5070-8026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103841","display_name":"Nakhchivan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dqrx648","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71333263","display_name":"Nakhchivan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wne9d91","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}],"countries":["AZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tofiqa Nadirova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Technologies and Computer Engineering , Faculty of Architecture and Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5070-8026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Technologies and Computer Engineering , Faculty of Architecture and Engineering , Nakhchivan State University , Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841","https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82355189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-power-estimation","display_name":"photovoltaic power estimation","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-sensors","display_name":"soft sensors","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dust-loading","display_name":"dust loading","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiarid-climate","display_name":"semi-arid climate","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"gradient boosting","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane-of-array-irradiance","display_name":"plane-of-array irradiance","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-temperature","display_name":"ambient temperature","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dust-concentration","display_name":"dust concentration","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakhchivan","display_name":"Nakhchivan","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-power-forecasting","display_name":"photovoltaic power forecasting","score":0.42399999499320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5848000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.567300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150217764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803607","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","level":3,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103402496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1106171","display_name":"Prediction interval","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","pdf_url":"https://electricajournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1435/1391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203742","display_name":"Istanbul University - Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering","issn_l":"1303-0914","issn":["1303-0914","2619-9831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTRICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:203b057f954c49edb5ea2b439bec6be2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/203b057f954c49edb5ea2b439bec6be2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrica, Vol 26 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26032","pdf_url":"https://electricajournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1435/1391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203742","display_name":"Istanbul University - Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering","issn_l":"1303-0914","issn":["1303-0914","2619-9831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTRICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224864918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224864918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415593910","https://openalex.org/W4407576144","https://openalex.org/W4415239445","https://openalex.org/W2964321282","https://openalex.org/W7164584145","https://openalex.org/W4293553974","https://openalex.org/W4412955026","https://openalex.org/W2943183719","https://openalex.org/W7222776705","https://openalex.org/W2886368164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"estimation":[1],"of":[2,15,74,85,93,178,184,197],"photovoltaic":[3],"(PV)":[4],"power":[5,45,72,264],"output":[6,73],"is":[7,32,58,67,164],"crucial":[8],"for":[9,60],"improving":[10],"the":[11,71,82,106,169,173,195,198,225,235],"reliability":[12],"and":[13,27,102,111,130,150,181,220,246,252,268,282,294],"efficiency":[14],"solar":[16,263],"energy":[17,273],"systems,":[18,274],"especially":[19],"in":[20,81,271,276],"regions":[21],"exposed":[22],"to":[23,55,69,159,238,248,253,256],"high":[24],"dust":[25,221],"loads":[26],"temperature":[28],"variability.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31],"scoped":[33],"as":[34,204,224],"a":[35,75,88,112,190,211,243],"concurrent":[36],"power-estimation":[37],"(soft-sensor)":[38],"study,":[39],"inferring":[40],"instantaneous":[41],"direct":[42],"current":[43],"(DC)":[44],"from":[46,157],"synchronous":[47],"environmental":[48,95],"measurements":[49],"rather":[50],"than":[51],"multi-step-ahead":[52],"forecasting;":[53],"extension":[54],"horizon-based":[56],"forecasting":[57,250],"left":[59],"future":[61],"work.":[62],"A":[63],"comparative":[64],"modeling":[65],"framework":[66],"presented":[68],"estimate":[70],"280":[76],"W":[77,180],"polycrystalline-silicon":[78],"PV":[79],"module":[80],"semi-arid":[83],"climate":[84],"Nakhchivan,":[86],"using":[87,134],"sixmonth,":[89],"high-resolution":[90],"time":[91],"series":[92],"synchronized":[94],"parameters,":[96],"irradiance,":[97,217],"ambient":[98,218],"temperature,":[99,219],"humidity,":[100],"wind,":[101],"dust,":[103],"collected":[104],"via":[105],"Nakhchivan":[107],"State":[108],"Meteorological":[109],"Service":[110],"Benning":[113],"PV-2":[114],"tester.":[115],"Five":[116],"supervised":[117],"learning":[118],"models":[119,174,230],"were":[120],"evaluated:":[121],"multiple":[122],"linear":[123],"regression,":[124],"Ridge,":[125],"Lasso,":[126],"Random":[127,166],"Forest":[128,167],"(RF),":[129],"Gradient":[131],"Boosting,":[132],"assessed":[133],"mean":[135,140,145],"absolute":[136,146],"error":[137,142,148,171],"(MAE),":[138],"root":[139],"square":[141],"(RMSE),":[143],"symmetric":[144],"percentage":[147],"(sMAPE),":[149],"Theil\u2019s":[151,182],"U1":[152,183],"(the":[153],"inequality":[154],"coefficient,":[155],"bounded":[156],"zero":[158],"one;":[160],"no":[161],"random-walk":[162],"baseline":[163],"claimed).":[165],"showed":[168],"lowest":[170],"among":[172],"compared,":[175],"with":[176],"RMSE":[177],"27.93":[179],"0.0896,":[185],"though":[186],"this":[187],"evaluation":[188],"used":[189],"random,":[191],"non-blocked,":[192],"train/test":[193],"split;":[194],"magnitude":[196],"RF":[199],"advantage":[200],"should":[201],"be":[202,257],"interpreted":[203],"an":[205],"upper":[206],"bound":[207],"pending":[208],"re-evaluation":[209],"under":[210,242],"leakagefree,":[212],"blocked":[213],"time-series":[214],"protocol.":[215],"Plane-of-array":[216],"concentration":[222],"emerged":[223],"most":[226],"significant":[227],"predictors.":[228],"Ensemble-based":[229],"show":[231],"promising":[232],"generalization":[233,247],"within":[234],"sampled":[236],"December":[237],"May":[239],"window;":[240],"performance":[241,269],"leakage-free":[244],"protocol":[245],"genuine":[249],"horizons":[251],"summer":[254],"remain":[255],"established.":[258],"These":[259],"findings":[260],"can":[261],"support":[262],"estimation,":[265],"fault":[266],"detection,":[267],"optimization":[270],"distributed":[272],"particularly":[275],"dust-prone":[277],"or":[278],"datasparse":[279],"regions.":[280],"Physics":[281],"Astronomy":[283],"Classification":[284],"Scheme":[285],"(PACS)":[286],"numbers:":[287,288],"88.40.\u2212j":[289],"[Solar":[290],"energy],":[291],"88.40.fc":[292],"[Modelling":[293],"analysis].":[295]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}