{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224863587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71881","title":"COVID\u201019 Vaccination and the Risk of Migraine Chronification: A Comparative Cohort Study of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients With Episodic Migraine","display_name":"COVID\u201019 Vaccination and the Risk of Migraine Chronification: A Comparative Cohort Study of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients With Episodic Migraine","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224863587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71881","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42961170","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13721895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/brb3.71881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71881","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450051","display_name":"Brain and Behavior","issn_l":"2157-9032","issn":["2157-9032","2162-3279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71881","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074219534","display_name":"Mostafa Mahmoud Meshref","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-6309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-6309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Meshref","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-6309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038674492","display_name":"Hossam Younis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4578-8712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4578-8712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105508","display_name":"King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00z1vyk43","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossam Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Department King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4578-8712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Department King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital  Jeddah Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089419481","display_name":"Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-5321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-5321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133879957","display_name":"St. George's University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1s6313","country_code":"GD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133879957"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150406212","display_name":"University of Khartoum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbayz55","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150406212"]}],"countries":["GD","SD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine St. George's University  St. George's Grenada, West Indies","Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-5321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine St. George's University  St. George's Grenada, West Indies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133879957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150406212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135512957","display_name":"Elsayed Abed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elsayed Abed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055542922","display_name":"Abdallah Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-5972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-5972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Damietta Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-5972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Damietta Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093590357","display_name":"Yehia Nabil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-2978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-2978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehia Nabil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-2978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088394031","display_name":"Abdullah Ashraf Hamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-0995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-0995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Ashraf Hamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University  Shibin El Kom Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-0995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University  Shibin El Kom Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160178953","display_name":"Muhammad Atallah Gad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Atallah Gad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091064749","display_name":"Nour Shaheen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-4044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-4044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour Shaheen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-4044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108621200","display_name":"Mahmoud Farid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3650-7199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3650-7199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Farid Abdelmonem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029897407","display_name":"Ahmed Gaballa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-5129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-5129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Gaballa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120264340","display_name":"Ahmed Kohail","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Kohail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155950499","display_name":"Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149514980","display_name":"Ali F. Abd\u2010Elsalam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelsalam Abdullah Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101760828","display_name":"A. Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-9263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-9263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89466785","display_name":"Minia University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hcv4z63","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89466785"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman R. Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minia Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-9263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minia Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89466785"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078726368","display_name":"Khaled Moghib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9920-7075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9920-7075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Moghib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al\u2010Ainy Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9920-7075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al\u2010Ainy Cairo University  Cairo Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089419481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133879957","https://openalex.org/I150406212"],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"apc_paid":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84665648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10498","display_name":"Migraine and Headache Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10498","display_name":"Migraine and Headache Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-vaccination","display_name":"COVID-19 vaccination","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migraine-chronification","display_name":"migraine chronification","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/episodic-migraine","display_name":"episodic migraine","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-migraine","display_name":"chronic migraine","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-adverse-events","display_name":"vaccine adverse events","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headache","display_name":"headache","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ichd-3-classification","display_name":"ICHD-3 classification","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9143999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133823","display_name":"Migraine","level":2,"score":0.8952999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6995000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6912999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.6437000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910587157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133823","display_name":"Chronic Migraine","level":3,"score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096967","descriptor_name":"Unvaccinated Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008881","descriptor_name":"Migraine Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/brb3.71881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71881","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450051","display_name":"Brain and Behavior","issn_l":"2157-9032","issn":["2157-9032","2162-3279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13721895","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13721895/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13721895/pdf/BRB3-16-e71881.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42961170","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42961170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain and behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbbe1644928d41e4a3db8aff4bce737d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbbe1644928d41e4a3db8aff4bce737d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brain and Behavior, Vol 16, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/brb3.71881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71881","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450051","display_name":"Brain and Behavior","issn_l":"2157-9032","issn":["2157-9032","2162-3279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224863587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224863587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2463900009","https://openalex.org/W3133745688","https://openalex.org/W3194146068","https://openalex.org/W3211051404","https://openalex.org/W4200585084","https://openalex.org/W4220778486","https://openalex.org/W4292229870","https://openalex.org/W4292528167","https://openalex.org/W4386532175","https://openalex.org/W4387326549","https://openalex.org/W4414320269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386532175","https://openalex.org/W4387326549","https://openalex.org/W3194146068","https://openalex.org/W4200585084","https://openalex.org/W4385144800","https://openalex.org/W4388423570","https://openalex.org/W4291145617","https://openalex.org/W4362689844","https://openalex.org/W4387737091","https://openalex.org/W3215160573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Headache":[1],"is":[2],"among":[3],"the":[4,27,222],"most":[5],"frequently":[6],"reported":[7],"adverse":[8],"events":[9],"after":[10],"COVID-19":[11,244],"vaccination,":[12],"and":[13,38,84,100,115,188,219,227,246,261],"patients":[14,40,176],"with":[15,41,56,111,213],"migraine":[16,42,190,247],"often":[17],"fear":[18],"that":[19],"vaccination":[20,245],"will":[21],"worsen":[22],"their":[23],"disease":[24],"or":[25,68,92,159,259],"accelerate":[26],"transition":[28],"from":[29],"episodic":[30,58],"to":[31],"chronic":[32,189],"migraine.":[33],"Controlled":[34],"data":[35],"comparing":[36],"vaccinated":[37,64,172],"unvaccinated":[39,69,175],"are":[43,266],"scarce.":[44],"METHODS:":[45],"We":[46],"conducted":[47],"a":[48,76,126],"comparative":[49],"prospective":[50],"cohort":[51],"study":[52],"of":[53],"60":[54],"adults":[55],"pre-existing":[57],"migraine,":[59],"classified":[60],"at":[61,75,98,177,195],"enrolment":[62],"as":[63],"(n":[65,70],"=":[66,71,153,157,163,186,204],"30)":[67,72],"against":[73],"COVID-19,":[74],"single":[77],"neuroscience":[78],"clinic":[79],"in":[80,142,170,191],"Jeddah,":[81],"Saudi":[82],"Arabia,":[83],"followed":[85],"for":[86],"6":[87,101,196,220],"months.":[88,102],"Migraine":[89],"status":[90,167],"(episodic":[91],"chronic,":[93],"per":[94],"ICHD-3)":[95],"was":[96,105,130,168,241],"assessed":[97],"3":[99,178,211,218],"Between-group":[103],"chronification":[104],"compared":[106],"using":[107],"Fisher's":[108],"exact":[109],"test":[110],"odds":[112],"ratios":[113],"(ORs)":[114],"95%":[116,182,200],"confidence":[117,223,251],"intervals":[118,224,252],"(CIs);":[119],"patient-level":[120],"transitions":[121,208],"were":[122,134,225],"also":[123],"examined.":[124],"No":[125],"priori":[127],"sample-size":[128],"calculation":[129],"performed.":[131],"RESULTS:":[132],"There":[133],"no":[135,214,229,237],"statistically":[136,238],"significant":[137,239],"baseline":[138],"differences":[139],"between":[140,217,243],"groups":[141],"age":[143],"(30.3":[144],"\u00b1":[145,149],"5.07":[146],"vs.":[147],"30.5":[148],"4.46":[150],"years;":[151],"p":[152,185,203],"0.87),":[154],"sex":[155],"(p":[156,162],"0.78),":[158],"preventive":[160],"medication":[161],"0.58).":[164],"Provisional":[165],"chronic-frequency":[166],"recorded":[169],"5/30":[171],"versus":[173,193],"11/30":[174],"months":[179,197],"(OR":[180,198],"0.35,":[181],"CI":[183,201],"0.10-1.16;":[184],"0.14),":[187],"3/30":[192],"6/30":[194],"0.44,":[199],"0.10-1.97;":[202],"0.47).":[205],"All":[206],"such":[207],"occurred":[209],"by":[210],"months,":[212],"new":[215],"cases":[216],"months;":[221],"wide":[226,250],"included":[228],"difference.":[230],"CONCLUSIONS:":[231],"In":[232],"this":[233],"small":[234],"observational":[235],"cohort,":[236],"association":[240],"detected":[242],"chronification.":[248],"The":[249],"preclude":[253],"firm":[254],"conclusions":[255],"regarding":[256],"either":[257],"harm":[258],"benefit,":[260],"larger,":[262],"adequately":[263],"powered":[264],"studies":[265],"needed.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}