{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224860101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","title":"The cost of treating selected psychiatric conditions from the provider\u2019s perspective in a public tertiary academic hospital in South Africa","display_name":"The cost of treating selected psychiatric conditions from the provider\u2019s perspective in a public tertiary academic hospital in South Africa","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224860101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160192700","display_name":"B. Nechombo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802393258","display_name":"Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/003hsr719","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Nechombo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160167823","display_name":"M. Sibanda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802393258","display_name":"Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/003hsr719","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sibanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","Government Employees Medical Scheme"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government Employees Medical Scheme","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160226916","display_name":"L. Makhele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802393258","display_name":"Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/003hsr719","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Makhele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160212211","display_name":"M. Matlala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802393258","display_name":"Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/003hsr719","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Matlala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160212211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802393258"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91918946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.060499999672174454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13944","display_name":"Psychiatric care and mental health services","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-disorders","display_name":"anxiety disorders","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-psychiatric-care","display_name":"outpatient psychiatric care","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-medical-costs","display_name":"direct medical costs","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcosting","display_name":"micro-costing","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-medication","display_name":"psychiatric medication","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-behavioral-therapy","display_name":"cognitive behavioral therapy","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-communicable-diseases","display_name":"non-communicable diseases","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-resource-allocation","display_name":"healthcare resource allocation","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.7129999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.7196000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6152999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5763999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.4805000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6964187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659256","display_name":"Indirect costs","level":2,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775860198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257872","display_name":"Public hospital","level":2,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778697850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210999","display_name":"Psychiatric hospital","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777134132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188638","display_name":"Mood disorders","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781152799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317158","display_name":"Adjustment disorders","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391886","display_name":"Economic evaluation","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775909303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259564","display_name":"Inpatient care","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780664029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282120","display_name":"Disease burden","level":3,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d9c409892a54ba99461cf8fea612f13","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d9c409892a54ba99461cf8fea612f13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1954891/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224860101.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224860101.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967260056","https://openalex.org/W2014026290","https://openalex.org/W2064700601","https://openalex.org/W2082599052","https://openalex.org/W2094992666","https://openalex.org/W2340346722","https://openalex.org/W2502966081","https://openalex.org/W2563441254","https://openalex.org/W2587248841","https://openalex.org/W2600660804","https://openalex.org/W2757608703","https://openalex.org/W2790415709","https://openalex.org/W2884259275","https://openalex.org/W2884942848","https://openalex.org/W2886333327","https://openalex.org/W2891166813","https://openalex.org/W2899198672","https://openalex.org/W2974643734","https://openalex.org/W2983909333","https://openalex.org/W2989690091","https://openalex.org/W3013702006","https://openalex.org/W3066127083","https://openalex.org/W3173479668","https://openalex.org/W3201485532","https://openalex.org/W4212988012","https://openalex.org/W4306898460","https://openalex.org/W4307704045","https://openalex.org/W4311575106","https://openalex.org/W4378781588","https://openalex.org/W4379095056","https://openalex.org/W4393345987","https://openalex.org/W4401369929","https://openalex.org/W4402574939","https://openalex.org/W4404142427","https://openalex.org/W4405003218","https://openalex.org/W4412157295","https://openalex.org/W4414465362","https://openalex.org/W4416742625","https://openalex.org/W7126248340","https://openalex.org/W7171562507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754250134","https://openalex.org/W47288406","https://openalex.org/W2884259275","https://openalex.org/W1518689431","https://openalex.org/W2299793062","https://openalex.org/W6893762693","https://openalex.org/W2327046141","https://openalex.org/W2899198672","https://openalex.org/W2775428362","https://openalex.org/W2085228274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1,8,112,141,156,168,192,250,257,274,286,290],"objectives":[2],"Psychiatric":[3],"disorders":[4,43,189,293],"share":[5],"the":[6,14,28,37,59,71,127,145,173,222,230,243,278,300,306],"chronicity":[7],"lifelong":[9],"treatment":[10,169,244,288],"burden":[11,308],"that":[12],"make":[13],"major":[15],"non-communicable":[16,310],"diseases":[17],"(NCDs)":[18],"costly":[19],"to":[20,69,125,143,238,254,294],"health":[21],"systems,":[22],"yet":[23],"remain":[24],"comparatively":[25],"under-costed":[26],"within":[27],"Sub-Saharan":[29],"African":[30,234],"literature":[31],"on":[32,305],"chronic":[33],"disease":[34],"burden.":[35],"Determining":[36],"direct":[38],"costs":[39,72,118,197,269],"of":[40,73,132,245,309],"treating":[41,272],"psychiatric":[42,74,135,166,219,246,292],"in":[44,82,103,108,114,261],"resource":[45],"limited":[46],"settings":[47],"is":[48],"important":[49],"for":[50,198,205,232,242,280,291],"budget":[51],"allocation,":[52],"particularly":[53,248],"as":[54,211],"South":[55,83,233],"Africa":[56],"moves":[57],"towards":[58],"National":[60],"Health":[61],"Insurance":[62],"(NHI)":[63],"fund":[64],"system.":[65],"The":[66,86,150,227,267],"study":[67,87,146,151],"aimed":[68],"determine":[70,126],"outpatient":[75],"care":[76,133,208],"at":[77,98,178,186,190,194],"a":[78,89,99,122,158,262],"public":[79,100,235,263],"tertiary":[80,101,264],"hospital":[81,102,265],"Africa.":[84],"Methods":[85],"employed":[88],"retrospective":[90],"quantitative":[91],"approach,":[92],"using":[93,121],"data":[94],"from":[95],"patient":[96,154],"files":[97,155],"Gauteng.":[104],"Data":[105],"were":[106,119,147,201,221],"captured":[107],"Microsoft":[109],"Excel":[110],"TM":[111],"analysed":[113],"SPSS\u00ae.":[115],"Direct":[116],"medical":[117],"assessed":[120],"micro-costing":[123],"method":[124],"yearly,":[128],"average":[129,175],"total":[130],"cost":[131,177,224],"per":[134,180],"patient.":[136],"Ethics":[137],"approval":[138],"(SMUREC/P/411/2023:":[139],"PG)":[140],"permission":[142],"conduct":[144],"obtained.":[148],"Results":[149],"reviewed":[152],"278":[153],"found":[157],"significant":[159,258],"relationship":[160],"(":[161],"p":[162],"<":[163],"0.001)":[164],"between":[165],"diagnoses":[167],"costs.":[170],"Schizophrenia":[171],"had":[172],"highest":[174],"annual":[176],"R7,248.25":[179],"patient,":[181],"followed":[182],"by":[183],"bipolar":[184,251,275],"disorder":[185,276],"R5,762.10,":[187],"anxiety":[188],"R4,853.14,":[191],"depression":[193],"R4,792.79.":[195],"Treatment":[196],"adverse":[199],"effects":[200],"generally":[202],"low,":[203],"except":[204],"schizophrenia.":[206],"Supportive":[207],"therapies,":[209],"such":[210],"cognitive":[212],"behavioural":[213],"therapy,":[214],"added":[215],"moderate":[216],"expenses,":[217],"while":[218],"medications":[220],"main":[223],"drivers.":[225],"Conclusion":[226],"results":[228],"highlight":[229],"necessity":[231],"healthcare":[236],"systems":[237],"allocate":[239],"resources":[240],"specifically":[241],"conditions,":[247],"schizophrenia":[249,273],"disorder,":[252],"due":[253],"their":[255],"prevalence":[256],"financial":[259],"impact":[260],"setting.":[266],"high":[268],"associated":[270],"with":[271],"underscore":[277],"need":[279],"ongoing":[281],"research":[282],"into":[283,299],"more":[284,297],"effective":[285],"affordable":[287],"options":[289],"be":[295],"integrated":[296],"fully":[298],"region\u2019s":[301],"growing":[302],"evidence":[303],"base":[304],"economic":[307],"disease.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
