{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224844804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897","title":"Evolution of the BRICS Agricultural Product Trade Network: Evidence from Social Network and QAP Analyses","display_name":"Evolution of the BRICS Agricultural Product Trade Network: Evidence from Social Network and QAP Analyses","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224844804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160213638","display_name":"Xin Dai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093981","display_name":"Agricultural Information Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q62zf58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158858480","display_name":"Rui Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093981","display_name":"Agricultural Information Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q62zf58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645782","display_name":"Xiaoyu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1027-5727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1027-5727"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093981","display_name":"Agricultural Information Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q62zf58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128055329","display_name":"Zhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-9560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-9560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093981","display_name":"Agricultural Information Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q62zf58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-9560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158857058","display_name":"Ye Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093981","display_name":"Agricultural Information Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q62zf58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5158858480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093981","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94118339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"3897","last_page":"3897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.13660000264644623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.13660000264644623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11898","display_name":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","score":0.11749999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.10559999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brics","display_name":"BRICS","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-trade","display_name":"agricultural trade","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-networks","display_name":"trade networks","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-supply-chain","display_name":"agricultural supply chain","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-density","display_name":"network density","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"reciprocity","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-governance","display_name":"agricultural governance","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-distance","display_name":"institutional distance","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazil","display_name":"Brazil","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russia","display_name":"Russia","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.7473000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.6193000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780771206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271761","display_name":"Safeguard","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775871377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157277","display_name":"Network governance","level":3,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120330832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166656","display_name":"Supply and demand","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123138037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570871","display_name":"Global network","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776310101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524235","display_name":"Global governance","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121087249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546395","display_name":"Emerging markets","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1768653114","https://openalex.org/W1981768236","https://openalex.org/W1987658303","https://openalex.org/W2014516467","https://openalex.org/W2123116463","https://openalex.org/W2274859617","https://openalex.org/W2792702418","https://openalex.org/W2883151874","https://openalex.org/W2895380802","https://openalex.org/W2896369230","https://openalex.org/W2957909883","https://openalex.org/W3010585950","https://openalex.org/W3206073961","https://openalex.org/W3207564705","https://openalex.org/W4200115485","https://openalex.org/W4207033023","https://openalex.org/W4221028765","https://openalex.org/W4229367510","https://openalex.org/W4281558662","https://openalex.org/W4285404179","https://openalex.org/W4308155563","https://openalex.org/W4310123657","https://openalex.org/W4313890481","https://openalex.org/W4366716617","https://openalex.org/W4378233579","https://openalex.org/W4380714909","https://openalex.org/W4385948484","https://openalex.org/W4386357537","https://openalex.org/W4387738172","https://openalex.org/W4390331440","https://openalex.org/W4395481167","https://openalex.org/W4401684354","https://openalex.org/W4402484305","https://openalex.org/W4403843279","https://openalex.org/W4404049146","https://openalex.org/W4408242949","https://openalex.org/W4408846959","https://openalex.org/W4411499366","https://openalex.org/W4411516565","https://openalex.org/W4412473071","https://openalex.org/W4412853490","https://openalex.org/W4413485343","https://openalex.org/W4414248307","https://openalex.org/W7127480249","https://openalex.org/W7133359715","https://openalex.org/W7138834538","https://openalex.org/W7160037476","https://openalex.org/W7160893350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406075018","https://openalex.org/W7162319270","https://openalex.org/W4403765649","https://openalex.org/W4399485490","https://openalex.org/W4406227983","https://openalex.org/W4410027184","https://openalex.org/W4280565301","https://openalex.org/W4409870284","https://openalex.org/W3152227714","https://openalex.org/W4389265685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Amid":[0],"mounting":[1],"global":[2],"food":[3,28,205],"risks,":[4],"the":[5,39,66,120,125,139],"expansion":[6],"of":[7,41],"BRICS\u2014an":[8],"important":[9],"multilateral":[10],"platform":[11],"for":[12,27,51,189],"emerging":[13],"markets":[14],"and":[15,30,65,79,104,129,173,186,202],"developing":[16],"economies\u2014has":[17],"reshaped":[18],"agricultural":[19,32,43,53,74,88,110,162,194,199],"trade":[20,45,76,90,111,195],"relations":[21],"within":[22,91],"BRICS,":[23],"carrying":[24],"profound":[25],"implications":[26],"security":[29],"sustainable":[31],"development.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"aims":[36],"to":[37,47,71,153,192],"analyze":[38],"evolution":[40],"BRICS":[42,56,73,92,96,190],"product":[44,75,89],"networks":[46],"deliver":[48],"empirical":[49,184],"insights":[50],"coordinated":[52],"governance":[54],"among":[55],"members.":[57],"We":[58],"adopt":[59],"a":[60,131,154],"social":[61],"network":[62,77,102,112,140,166],"analysis":[63,136],"(SNA)":[64],"quadratic":[67],"assignment":[68],"procedure":[69],"(QAP)":[70],"examine":[72],"characteristics":[78],"identify":[80],"its":[81],"driving":[82],"factors.":[83],"The":[84],"results":[85],"reveal":[86],"that":[87,138,161],"expanded":[93],"markedly":[94],"after":[95],"enlargement,":[97,169],"accompanied":[98],"by":[99],"declines":[100],"in":[101,108],"density":[103],"reciprocity.":[105],"Furthermore,":[106],"nodes":[107],"this":[109],"show":[113,160],"growing":[114],"functional":[115],"differentiation:":[116],"Brazil":[117],"serves":[118],"as":[119],"core":[121],"supply":[122,163,200],"hub,":[123,128],"China":[124],"primary":[126],"demand":[127],"Russia":[130],"vital":[132],"connecting":[133],"node.":[134],"Community":[135],"indicates":[137],"has":[141],"not":[142],"evolved":[143],"into":[144],"closed":[145],"geographic":[146],"blocs;":[147],"instead,":[148],"cross-regional":[149],"linkages":[150],"give":[151],"rise":[152],"polycentric":[155],"hierarchical":[156],"structure.":[157],"QAP":[158],"estimates":[159],"capacity":[164],"dominated":[165],"configurations":[167],"before":[168],"while":[170],"food-security":[171],"pressure":[172],"institutional":[174],"distance":[175],"exerted":[176],"more":[177],"pronounced":[178],"impacts":[179],"afterward.":[180],"These":[181],"findings":[182],"provide":[183],"evidence":[185],"policy":[187],"references":[188],"members":[191],"deepen":[193],"cooperation,":[196],"stabilize":[197],"cross-border":[198],"chains,":[201],"collectively":[203],"safeguard":[204],"security.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
