{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224840208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630","title":"Microscale Urban Climate of a Hot-Arid City: LCZ-Specific Air Temperature and Heat Stress Patterns from PALM Large-Eddy Simulations","display_name":"Microscale Urban Climate of a Hot-Arid City: LCZ-Specific Air Temperature and Heat Stress Patterns from PALM Large-Eddy Simulations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224840208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci10110630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038192535","display_name":"I. K. Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1422-2129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1422-2129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86310350","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim K. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt","Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1422-2129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028934115","display_name":"Julian Anders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-3916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-3916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Anders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Ecology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-3916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Ecology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011110724","display_name":"Mohamed Salim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-6124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-6124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86310350","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}],"countries":["DE","EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed H. Salim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt","Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-6124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011110724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I86310350"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73931962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"630","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-climate-zones","display_name":"local climate zones","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-climate","display_name":"urban climate","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-air-temperature","display_name":"surface air temperature","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-stress","display_name":"heat stress","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-thermal-climate-index","display_name":"Universal Thermal Climate Index","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-temperature-variation","display_name":"diurnal temperature range","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-morphology","display_name":"urban morphology","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aswan","display_name":"Aswan","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-scarce-cities","display_name":"data-scarce cities","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.8978000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42683663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517834","display_name":"Mean radiant temperature","level":3,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1607611","display_name":"Nocturnal","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32957820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215108","display_name":"Microclimate","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58024561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721","display_name":"Latent heat","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134295995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506685","display_name":"Orographic lift","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179428855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069216","display_name":"Microscale chemistry","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187007274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256135","display_name":"Equivalent temperature","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167678106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283759","display_name":"Diurnal temperature variation","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987418964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242165","display_name":"Heat stress","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98375054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442709","display_name":"Enclosure","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci10110630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/urbansci10110630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10110630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174142","display_name":"Urban Science","issn_l":"2413-8851","issn":["2413-8851"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.685699999332428}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029291334","https://openalex.org/W2030737358","https://openalex.org/W2071274333","https://openalex.org/W2762019350","https://openalex.org/W2773527844","https://openalex.org/W2884681459","https://openalex.org/W2979768438","https://openalex.org/W3012526672","https://openalex.org/W3030810461","https://openalex.org/W3047170098","https://openalex.org/W3089076054","https://openalex.org/W3092991867","https://openalex.org/W3166820083","https://openalex.org/W4205723471","https://openalex.org/W4226345448","https://openalex.org/W4231977957","https://openalex.org/W4293759745","https://openalex.org/W4384469722","https://openalex.org/W4407641761","https://openalex.org/W4408949423","https://openalex.org/W4413372045","https://openalex.org/W7161576584","https://openalex.org/W7165915879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945167556","https://openalex.org/W4413372045","https://openalex.org/W4399458350","https://openalex.org/W2998100511","https://openalex.org/W4402328468","https://openalex.org/W1822828960","https://openalex.org/W2054489659","https://openalex.org/W7167214085","https://openalex.org/W2616112481","https://openalex.org/W3211379117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building-resolving":[0],"urban":[1,31],"climate":[2],"simulations":[3],"require":[4],"detailed":[5],"three-dimensional":[6],"geospatial":[7],"data":[8],"that":[9,189,214],"are":[10,198,239],"often":[11],"unavailable":[12],"for":[13,233,289],"hot-arid":[14,58,300],"cities.":[15,301],"This":[16,161],"study":[17,283],"examines":[18],"whether":[19],"a":[20,28,42,123,144,230,267,285],"Local":[21],"Climate":[22,86],"Zone":[23],"(LCZ)-based":[24],"workflow":[25],"can":[26],"provide":[27],"physically":[29],"interpretable":[30],"representation":[32],"under":[33,220],"such":[34],"conditions.":[35,226],"The":[36,174,201,227,251,282],"LCZ-wizard":[37],"was":[38,64,209],"used":[39],"to":[40,276],"generate":[41],"heterogeneous":[43],"2\u00d72":[44],"km":[45],"domain":[46],"containing":[47],"ten":[48],"built":[49,101],"and":[50,82,112,153,224,261,279],"four":[51],"natural":[52],"LCZ":[53,110,115,127,137,159],"classes":[54,168,238],"in":[55,185,294],"an":[56],"Aswan-motivated":[57],"setting.":[59],"A":[60],"clear-sky":[61],"summer":[62,259],"simulation":[63],"conducted":[65],"with":[66,147,166,241],"the":[67,83,104,130,140,148,157,180,206,221,234],"PALM":[68,292],"model":[69],"system":[70],"at":[71,164],"2":[72],"m":[73],"horizontal":[74],"resolution.":[75],"LCZ-conditioned":[76],"distributions":[77],"of":[78,156,205,215,270,287,298],"near-surface":[79],"air":[80,93],"temperature":[81],"Universal":[84],"Thermal":[85],"Index":[87],"(UTCI)":[88],"were":[89],"analysed.":[90],"Mean":[91],"daytime":[92,175,203,243],"temperatures":[94],"differed":[95],"by":[96],"only":[97],"0.57":[98],"K":[99,211],"among":[100],"classes,":[102],"whereas":[103],"nighttime":[105],"difference":[106],"between":[107],"compact":[108,158,167,237],"high-rise":[109],"1":[111,128],"lightweight":[113],"low-rise":[114],"7":[116,138],"reached":[117],"5.42":[118],"K.":[119],"Daytime":[120],"UTCI":[121,176,204],"showed":[122],"clearer":[124],"morphological":[125],"signal:":[126],"had":[129,139],"lowest":[131],"built-class":[132],"mean":[133,202],"(36.33":[134],"\u00b0C),":[135,143],"while":[136],"highest":[141],"(38.72":[142],"pattern":[145],"consistent":[146],"combined":[149],"radiative,":[150],"geometric,":[151],"aerodynamic,":[152],"thermal":[154],"properties":[155],"representation.":[160],"ordering":[162],"reversed":[163],"night,":[165],"exhibiting":[169],"greater":[170,247],"nocturnal":[171,248],"heat":[172,249],"retention.":[173,250],"95th":[177],"percentile":[178],"exceeded":[179],"46":[181],"\u00b0C":[182],"extreme-heat-stress":[183],"threshold":[184],"LCZs":[186],"1\u20138,":[187],"showing":[188],"exposed":[190],"locations":[191],"remain":[192],"hazardous":[193],"even":[194],"where":[195],"class-mean":[196],"conditions":[197],"more":[199],"favourable.":[200],"dense-tree":[207],"class":[208],"4.74":[210],"lower":[212,242],"than":[213],"bare":[216],"soil":[217,223],"or":[218,272],"sand":[219],"prescribed":[222,235],"vegetation":[225],"results":[228],"reveal":[229],"diurnal":[231],"trade-off":[232],"case:":[236],"associated":[240],"radiant":[244],"exposure":[245],"but":[246],"numerical":[252],"values":[253],"represent":[254],"one":[255],"idealised":[256],"clear-sky,":[257],"low-wind":[258],"situation":[260],"should":[262],"not":[263],"be":[264],"interpreted":[265],"as":[266,273],"validated":[268],"climatology":[269],"Aswan":[271],"directly":[274],"transferable":[275],"other":[277],"wind":[278],"stability":[280],"regimes.":[281],"provides":[284],"proof":[286],"concept":[288],"using":[290],"LCZ-derived":[291],"domains":[293],"controlled":[295],"process":[296],"studies":[297],"data-scarce":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
