{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224835402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","title":"Assessing the causal influence of socioeconomic status on cervical cancer survival using the SEER database","display_name":"Assessing the causal influence of socioeconomic status on cervical cancer survival using the SEER database","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224835402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223834","display_name":"Discover Social Science and Health","issn_l":"2731-0469","issn":["2731-0469"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Social Science and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107516303","display_name":"Anjana Eledath Kolasseri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5765-5864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5765-5864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjana Eledath Kolasseri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158998958","display_name":"B. Venkataramana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B Venkataramana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5158998958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"],"apc_list":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"apc_paid":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81917857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.6089000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.6089000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.3127000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.026599999517202377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-cancer","display_name":"cervical cancer","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-survival","display_name":"cancer survival","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-effect-estimation","display_name":"causal effect estimation","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-maximum-likelihood-estimation","display_name":"targeted maximum likelihood estimation","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marginal-structural-models","display_name":"marginal structural models","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-probability-weighting","display_name":"inverse probability weighting","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-values","display_name":"E-value","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seer","display_name":"SEER","score":0.7379999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7817000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160105","display_name":"Cervical cancer","level":3,"score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4787999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26831200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963953","display_name":"Marginal structural model","level":3,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020167199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5031455","display_name":"Cancer survival","level":3,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137668524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189813","display_name":"Censoring (clinical trials)","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164465091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248371","display_name":"Prognostic variable","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993522905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5065348","display_name":"Cervical cancer screening","level":4,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Survival rate","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223834","display_name":"Discover Social Science and Health","issn_l":"2731-0469","issn":["2731-0469"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Social Science and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a6f77005b634085a2c327b4258aca6b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a6f77005b634085a2c327b4258aca6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Social Science and Health, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44155-026-00403-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223834","display_name":"Discover Social Science and Health","issn_l":"2731-0469","issn":["2731-0469"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Social Science and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224835402.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224835402.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009187570","https://openalex.org/W2036193982","https://openalex.org/W2103904352","https://openalex.org/W2110818436","https://openalex.org/W2128984831","https://openalex.org/W2136669583","https://openalex.org/W2140074098","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2168082315","https://openalex.org/W2461299428","https://openalex.org/W2513845465","https://openalex.org/W2528302205","https://openalex.org/W2726042157","https://openalex.org/W2770705161","https://openalex.org/W2773305489","https://openalex.org/W2795581839","https://openalex.org/W2898036131","https://openalex.org/W2910087327","https://openalex.org/W2963989473","https://openalex.org/W2977429630","https://openalex.org/W3016330637","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W3170624739","https://openalex.org/W3205211596","https://openalex.org/W3216111315","https://openalex.org/W4205758883","https://openalex.org/W4210547682","https://openalex.org/W4248240383","https://openalex.org/W4296692877","https://openalex.org/W4308516671","https://openalex.org/W4311138813","https://openalex.org/W4381250174","https://openalex.org/W4383566819","https://openalex.org/W4386369524","https://openalex.org/W4386726596","https://openalex.org/W4390144159","https://openalex.org/W4391296605","https://openalex.org/W4393067457","https://openalex.org/W4400616244","https://openalex.org/W4404319887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400105979","https://openalex.org/W4401184112","https://openalex.org/W2002122046","https://openalex.org/W4407620574","https://openalex.org/W1984564841","https://openalex.org/W4387581194","https://openalex.org/W3166232174","https://openalex.org/W4372271450","https://openalex.org/W3006773881","https://openalex.org/W6889746697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disparities":[0],"in":[1,36,221],"socioeconomic":[2,235],"conditions":[3],"particularly":[4],"household":[5,63],"income,":[6],"have":[7],"a":[8,50,171],"major":[9],"impact":[10],"on":[11,200],"health":[12],"outcomes":[13,35],"for":[14,86,181,230,233],"many":[15],"types":[16],"of":[17,176,207],"illnesses,":[18],"including":[19],"cervical":[20,39,222],"cancer.":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23,48,142],"aims":[24],"to":[25,60,112,130,156,185,218],"examine":[26],"the":[27,56,79,157,205,228],"causal":[28],"effect":[29],"between":[30],"area-level":[31],"income":[32,64,214],"and":[33,43,70,74,89,102,137,147,159,211,237],"survival":[34,75,108,114,153,198,220],"patients":[37,149,183,194],"with":[38,192],"cancer":[40,223,239],"using":[41,96,120],"statistical":[42],"machine":[44],"learning":[45],"techniques.":[46],"The":[47,62,141,167],"used":[49],"retrospective":[51],"design":[52],"utilizing":[53],"data":[54],"from":[55],"SEER":[57],"database":[58],"(2013":[59],"2015).":[61],"was":[65],"divided":[66],"into":[67],"low,":[68],"medium,":[69],"high.":[71],"Vital":[72],"status":[73],"months":[76,154,199],"were":[77,82,94,110,118,128],"among":[78],"variables":[80,117],"that":[81],"examined":[83],"after":[84,116],"controlling":[85],"treatment-related,":[87],"clinical,":[88],"demographic":[90],"factors.":[91],"Causal":[92],"effects":[93],"estimated":[95],"Targeted":[97],"Maximum":[98],"Likelihood":[99],"Estimation":[100],"(TMLE)":[101],"Marginal":[103],"Structural":[104],"Models":[105],"(MSM).":[106],"Kaplan-Meier":[107],"curves":[109],"created":[111],"illustrate":[113],"differences":[115],"balanced":[119],"stabilized":[121],"inverse":[122],"probability":[123],"weights":[124],"(IPWs).":[125],"Sensitivity":[126,202],"analyses":[127],"performed":[129],"validate":[131],"results,":[132],"which":[133],"included":[134],"computing":[135],"E-values":[136],"reducing":[138,234],"extreme":[139],"weights.":[140],"comprised":[143],"3810":[144],"individuals.":[145],"Low":[146,210],"medium-income":[148,158],"exhibited":[150],"considerably":[151],"lower":[152],"compared":[155,184],"high-income":[160,186],"groups":[161],"(63":[162],"months,":[163],"p":[164],"<":[165],"0.001).":[166],"MSM":[168],"analysis":[169,203],"revealed":[170],"mortality":[172],"hazard":[173],"ratio":[174],"(HR)":[175],"1.77":[177],"(95%":[178],"CI":[179],"1.33\u20132.14)":[180],"low-income":[182,193],"patients.":[187,224],"TMLE":[188],"supported":[189],"similar":[190],"findings,":[191],"having":[195],"4.3":[196],"less":[197],"average.":[201],"confirmed":[204],"validity":[206],"these":[208],"findings.":[209],"medium":[212],"Household":[213],"is":[215],"substantially":[216],"linked":[217],"shorter":[219],"These":[225],"findings":[226],"show":[227],"need":[229],"targeted":[231],"strategies":[232],"gaps":[236],"improving":[238],"outcomes.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}