{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224827569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709","title":"Geometric Origin of the Proton Spin Crisis in the Zhang Effective Metric","display_name":"Geometric Origin of the Proton Spin Crisis in the Zhang Effective Metric","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224827569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23804709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160159867","display_name":"Xiangdong Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Xiangdong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160159867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-spin-crisis","display_name":"proton spin crisis","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emc-effect","display_name":"EMC effect","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88020606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041630","display_name":"Skyrmion","level":2,"score":0.6761999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155675718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161254","display_name":"Angular momentum","level":2,"score":0.5516999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32518243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907926","display_name":"Holonomy","level":2,"score":0.5105000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154153549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159731","display_name":"Baryon","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42704618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577658","display_name":"Spins","level":2,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718","display_name":"Quark","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775859700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568855","display_name":"Helicity","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52233224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44363","display_name":"Fermion","level":2,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117137515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238170","display_name":"Quantum chromodynamics","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101454708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019","display_name":"Standard Model (mathematical formulation)","level":3,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159249277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925","display_name":"Dark matter","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130295795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3550684","display_name":"Unitarity","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172695262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102165","display_name":"Nucleon","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137305063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065997","display_name":"Proton decay","level":3,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174045041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110346","display_name":"Baryon number","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206094082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4097","display_name":"Pion","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167107555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577418","display_name":"Spin structure","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779863119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423048","display_name":"Knot (papermaking)","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252067","display_name":"Proton spin crisis","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176616139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1890674","display_name":"Quark model","level":4,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45193367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095","display_name":"Total angular momentum quantum number","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5242263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6489123","display_name":"Large extra dimension","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163387558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281778","display_name":"Effective field theory","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23804709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23804710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23804709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23804709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7108209334","https://openalex.org/W7172121180","https://openalex.org/W7088097292","https://openalex.org/W7224739531","https://openalex.org/W4413779016","https://openalex.org/W7154903026","https://openalex.org/W2158282820","https://openalex.org/W1624811335","https://openalex.org/W7114928363","https://openalex.org/W4362562159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81,120],"EMC":[1],"experiment":[2],"revealed":[3],"that":[4],"the":[5,15,19,25,31,37,46,58,68,74,86,99,116,127,137,151],"intrinsic":[6],"spins":[7],"of":[8,14,30,52,85,122,156],"quarks":[9],"contribute":[10],"only":[11],"about":[12],"30%":[13],"proton's":[16],"total":[17],"spin,":[18],"famous":[20],"proton":[21,38,69],"spin":[22,77,140],"crisis.":[23],"Within":[24],"rotational-order":[26],"geometric":[27,92],"unification":[28],"framework":[29],"Zhang":[32],"Effective":[33],"Metric,":[34],"we":[35],"treat":[36],"as":[39],"a":[40],"baryonic":[41],"Skyrmion":[42,149],"soliton":[43],"living":[44],"on":[45],"internal":[47,128],"S\u00b3":[48,87],"fibre.":[49],"Canonical":[50],"quantization":[51],"collective":[53],"rotational":[54],"coordinates,":[55],"together":[56],"with":[57],"WZW":[59,162],"term":[60,102],"whose":[61],"coefficient":[62],"is":[63,124],"fixed":[64],"by":[65],"N_c=3,":[66],"generates":[67],"half-integer":[70],"spin.":[71,169],"We":[72,142],"keep":[73],"original":[75],"Jaffe-Manohar":[76],"sum":[78],"rule":[79],"unchanged.":[80],"high-dimensional":[82],"topological":[83,113],"holonomy":[84],"fibre":[88],"supplies":[89],"an":[90],"extra":[91],"orbital":[93,101,109],"angular":[94,110],"momentum":[95],"L_geo,":[96],"nested":[97],"within":[98],"partonic":[100,108],"but":[103],"distinct":[104],"from":[105,132,150],"standard":[106],"4D":[107],"momentum.":[111],"This":[112],"channel":[114],"complements":[115],"existing":[117],"QCD":[118],"description.":[119],"magnitude":[121],"L_geo":[123],"anchored":[125],"to":[126],"scale":[129],"r\u2081\u22480.4":[130],"fm":[131],"Paper":[133,157],"72,":[134],"naturally":[135],"matching":[136],"~70%":[138],"missing":[139],"fraction.":[141],"also":[143],"clearly":[144],"separate":[145],"this":[146],"colored":[147],"baryon":[148],"gauge-singlet":[152],"dark":[153],"matter":[154],"knots":[155],"71,":[158],"which":[159],"carry":[160],"no":[161],"coupling":[163],"and":[164],"do":[165],"not":[166],"gain":[167],"fermionic":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}