{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224824550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","title":"Early Cognitive and Hippocampal Alterations During Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in Sprague\u2013Dawley Rats","display_name":"Early Cognitive and Hippocampal Alterations During Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in Sprague\u2013Dawley Rats","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224824550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11234137/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11234137/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130687806","display_name":"Bayan Alsamarah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bayan Alsamarah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160172711","display_name":"Ibtihal Smadie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibtihal Smadie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120603302","display_name":"Rasha Khader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-5712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-5712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha Khader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013577086","display_name":"Khawla Q. Nuseir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-247X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-247X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khawla Nuseir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14144","display_name":"Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14144","display_name":"Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.10000000149011612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diet-induced-obesity","display_name":"diet-induced obesity","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-fat-diet","display_name":"high-fat diet","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fructose","display_name":"fructose","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediabetes","display_name":"prediabetes","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampus","display_name":"hippocampus","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-memory-consolidation","display_name":"long-term memory consolidation","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroplasticity","display_name":"neuroplasticity","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mmp-9","display_name":"MMP-9","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorylated-tau","display_name":"phosphorylated tau","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-beta","display_name":"amyloid-beta","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor","display_name":"brain-derived neurotrophic factor","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sprague-dawley-rats","display_name":"Sprague-Dawley rats","score":0.9179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148762608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3748185","display_name":"Hippocampal formation","level":2,"score":0.8230999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.7253000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7157999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.6324999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781161787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48360","display_name":"Hippocampus","level":2,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48455012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892593","display_name":"Memory consolidation","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257331","display_name":"Streptozotocin","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993927895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolic activity","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11234137/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11234137/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11234137/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336727","display_name":"Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224824550.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224824550.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657419816","https://openalex.org/W1784628723","https://openalex.org/W2003275051","https://openalex.org/W2012907070","https://openalex.org/W2022255801","https://openalex.org/W2034921827","https://openalex.org/W2045293119","https://openalex.org/W2055950600","https://openalex.org/W2060401891","https://openalex.org/W2109307031","https://openalex.org/W2158594746","https://openalex.org/W2253181159","https://openalex.org/W2316907626","https://openalex.org/W2551111288","https://openalex.org/W2773659498","https://openalex.org/W2782132390","https://openalex.org/W2912050140","https://openalex.org/W2985460727","https://openalex.org/W2997281231","https://openalex.org/W3011146827","https://openalex.org/W3017353716","https://openalex.org/W3042620226","https://openalex.org/W3118912716","https://openalex.org/W3216557803","https://openalex.org/W3217766546","https://openalex.org/W4280628531","https://openalex.org/W4281477030","https://openalex.org/W4312087785","https://openalex.org/W4313582813","https://openalex.org/W4366989931","https://openalex.org/W4391252947","https://openalex.org/W4393072771","https://openalex.org/W4408240506","https://openalex.org/W4408440535","https://openalex.org/W4414422053","https://openalex.org/W4415687272","https://openalex.org/W7155006636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140769790","https://openalex.org/W2347075224","https://openalex.org/W2045293119","https://openalex.org/W4210345687","https://openalex.org/W3205905783","https://openalex.org/W4406310013","https://openalex.org/W7127268909","https://openalex.org/W3112443558","https://openalex.org/W7117988448","https://openalex.org/W7203881183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Diet-induced":[2,183],"obesity":[3],"and":[4,35,51,101,103,110,127,152,192,215],"insulin":[5,128],"resistance":[6,129],"are":[7],"associated":[8,38,187],"with":[9,39,62,188],"an":[10,220],"increased":[11,121,148],"risk":[12],"of":[13,19,79,106,199,219],"cognitive":[14,34,88,190],"impairment,":[15],"yet":[16],"the":[17,91,99,115,197,217],"onset":[18],"these":[20],"changes":[21,211],"before":[22,82,196],"overt":[23,200],"type":[24],"2":[25],"diabetes":[26,214],"(T2DM)":[27],"remains":[28],"poorly":[29],"understood.":[30],"This":[31],"study":[32,116],"investigated":[33],"hippocampal":[36,102,160,193],"alterations":[37,195],"diet-induced":[40],"metabolic":[41,180,184,206],"dysfunction":[42,185],"in":[43,165],"a":[44,58,66,174],"pre-diabetic":[45,92],"rat":[46],"model.":[47],"Methods":[48],"Forty-eight":[49],"male":[50,167],"female":[52],"Sprague\u2013Dawley":[53],"rats":[54,168],"were":[55,74,96,112,163],"fed":[56],"either":[57],"high-fat":[59],"diet":[60,68],"(HFD)":[61],"fructose":[63],"water":[64],"or":[65],"regular":[67],"for":[69,223],"21":[70],"weeks.":[71],"Behavioural":[72,134],"assessments":[73],"performed":[75],"after":[76],"15":[77],"weeks":[78],"dietary":[80],"intervention,":[81],"streptozotocin":[83],"(STZ)":[84],"administration,":[85],"to":[86],"evaluate":[87],"function":[89],"during":[90,178],"stage.":[93],"Metabolic":[94],"parameters":[95],"measured":[97],"throughout":[98],"study,":[100],"serum":[104],"biomarkers":[105],"neurodegeneration,":[107],"oxidative":[108],"stress,":[109],"neuroplasticity":[111],"analysed":[113],"at":[114],"endpoint.":[117],"Results":[118],"HFD":[119,166],"significantly":[120],"body":[122],"weight,":[123],"fasting":[124],"blood":[125],"glucose,":[126],"(all":[130],"P":[131,170],"<":[132,171],"0.0001).":[133],"testing":[135],"revealed":[136],"impaired":[137],"long-term":[138],"memory":[139],"consolidation":[140],"without":[141],"affecting":[142],"spatial":[143],"learning.":[144],"Hippocampal":[145],"analysis":[146],"demonstrated":[147],"MMP-9,":[149],"phosphorylated":[150],"tau,":[151],"\u03b2-amyloid":[153],"levels,":[154],"indicating":[155],"early":[156,179,189,221],"neurodegenerative":[157],"changes.":[158],"Unexpectedly,":[159],"BDNF":[161],"levels":[162],"elevated":[164],"(":[169],"0.05),":[172],"suggesting":[173],"potential":[175],"compensatory":[176],"response":[177],"dysfunction.":[181],"Conclusion":[182],"was":[186],"impairment":[191],"molecular":[194],"development":[198],"T2DM.":[201],"These":[202],"findings":[203],"suggest":[204],"that":[205],"disturbances":[207],"may":[208],"initiate":[209],"neurobiological":[210],"preceding":[212],"clinical":[213],"support":[216],"existence":[218],"window":[222],"intervention.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
