{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224820779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","title":"Sex-specific skeletal aging trajectories and reference centiles across vertebrae and ribs in over 78,000 patients","display_name":"Sex-specific skeletal aging trajectories and reference centiles across vertebrae and ribs in over 78,000 patients","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224820779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/30/2026.10.30.26363202.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/30/2026.10.30.26363202.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019191233","display_name":"Yosuke Yamagishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7688-3075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7688-3075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yosuke Yamagishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7688-3075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020726867","display_name":"Tomohiro Kikuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-4569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-4569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146500386","display_name":"Jichi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010hz0g26","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146500386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109338","display_name":"University of Tokyo Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/022cvpj02","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomohiro Kikuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan","Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan","Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-4569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146500386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146500386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102501626","display_name":"Kohei Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6043-4069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6043-4069","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-4619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146500386","display_name":"Jichi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010hz0g26","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146500386"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kohei Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6043-4069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146500386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071923861","display_name":"Shouhei Hanaoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-1651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-1651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109338","display_name":"University of Tokyo Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/022cvpj02","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouhei Hanaoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-1651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056793860","display_name":"T. Yoshikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-5468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-5468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109338","display_name":"University of Tokyo Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/022cvpj02","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeharu Yoshikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-5468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021091713","display_name":"Osamu Abe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-2629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-2629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109338","display_name":"University of Tokyo Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/022cvpj02","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osamu Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-2629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109338"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020726867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146500386","https://openalex.org/I4210109338"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.8057000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.8057000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.03629999980330467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-loss","display_name":"bone loss","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ct-attenuation","display_name":"CT attenuation","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebrae","display_name":"vertebrae","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rib","display_name":"rib","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-centiles","display_name":"reference centiles","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/totalsegmentator","display_name":"TotalSegmentator","score":0.8209999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523889960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160695","display_name":"Torso","level":2,"score":0.7875999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160306043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576226","display_name":"Rib cage","level":2,"score":0.7775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7342000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18969341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169129","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994181892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Body segment","level":2,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187954543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501273","display_name":"Hounsfield scale","level":3,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985213535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626599","display_name":"Reference values","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779329777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304401","display_name":"Bone density","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.26420000195503235}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/30/2026.10.30.26363202.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.30.26363202","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/30/2026.10.30.26363202.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5597178372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJ012425","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320909","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323325","display_name":"University of Tokushima","ror":"https://ror.org/044vy1d05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323533","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324799","display_name":"Tokyo Medical and Dental University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k3eh31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224820779.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224820779.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2923966376","https://openalex.org/W4405230010","https://openalex.org/W7154616314","https://openalex.org/W3135842893","https://openalex.org/W2887514540","https://openalex.org/W7202200928","https://openalex.org/W2466370404","https://openalex.org/W2621001925","https://openalex.org/W7171870409","https://openalex.org/W4413831769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Skeletal":[1],"aging":[2],"is":[3,20],"usually":[4],"assessed":[5,64],"at":[6,39,85,111,139],"one":[7],"site,":[8],"so":[9],"how":[10],"bone":[11],"loss":[12],"differs":[13],"across":[14],"the":[15],"skeleton":[16],"and":[17,49,60,63,76,91,146],"between":[18],"sexes":[19],"unclear.":[21],"We":[22,55],"analyzed":[23],"non-contrast":[24],"torso":[25],"CT":[26],"from":[27,52],"2024":[28],"in":[29,89,95],"78,620":[30],"patients":[31],"aged":[32],"15\u2013100":[33],"years":[34],"(41,056":[35],"men,":[36,96],"37,564":[37],"women)":[38],"nine":[40],"Japanese":[41],"hospitals,":[42],"measuring":[43],"mean":[44,58],"attenuation":[45],"of":[46,78,93,114,122,141],"25":[47],"vertebrae":[48],"24":[50],"ribs":[51,126],"TotalSegmentator":[53],"masks.":[54],"fitted":[56],"sex-specific":[57],"curves":[59],"quantile-regression":[61],"centiles,":[62],"each":[65],"site":[66],"as":[67],"an":[68,136],"L1":[69,119],"surrogate":[70],"by":[71],"age-adjusted":[72],"correlation,":[73],"errors-in-variables":[74],"conversion":[75],"discrimination":[77],"low-for-age":[79],"L1.":[80],"Attenuation":[81],"fell":[82],"with":[83,97],"age":[84],"all":[86],"49":[87,94,142],"sites":[88,143],"women":[90],"46":[92],"a":[98,112],"sex-dependent":[99],"shape":[100],"everywhere":[101],"(all":[102],"FDR-adjusted":[103],"P":[104],"<":[105],"0.0001).":[106],"Female":[107],"decline":[108],"was":[109],"steepest":[110],"median":[113],"52.0":[115],"years.":[116],"L2":[117],"reproduced":[118],"closely":[120],"(limits":[121],"agreement":[123],"\u00b145\u201346":[124],"HU);":[125],"did":[127],"not":[128],"(\u00b168":[129],"to":[130],"\u00b182":[131],"HU).":[132],"These":[133],"centiles":[134],"place":[135],"automated":[137],"measurement":[138],"any":[140],"against":[144],"age-":[145],"sex-matched":[147],"peers.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}