{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224813486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","title":"Integration of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Flower Extract and ZnO into a Mouthwash: Physicochemical Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity","display_name":"Integration of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Flower Extract and ZnO into a Mouthwash: Physicochemical Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224813486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.medistra.ac.id/index.php/JFM/article/download/3955/2186","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213644","display_name":"JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)","issn_l":"2655-0814","issn":["2655-0814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210164821","host_organization_name":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ejournal.medistra.ac.id/index.php/JFM/article/download/3955/2186","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050256022","display_name":"Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-5549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-5549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164821","display_name":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam","ror":"https://ror.org/05dg8jj08","country_code":"ID","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-5549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160220710","display_name":"Zenny Samsidar Ritonga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164821","display_name":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam","ror":"https://ror.org/05dg8jj08","country_code":"ID","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zenny Samsidar Ritonga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003642020","display_name":"Barita Aritonang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-1768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-1768"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164821","display_name":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam","ror":"https://ror.org/05dg8jj08","country_code":"ID","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barita Aritonang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-1768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135123520","display_name":"Herlina Herlina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-8592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-8592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164821","display_name":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam","ror":"https://ror.org/05dg8jj08","country_code":"ID","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herlina Herlina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-8592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007083527","display_name":"Hasni Yaturramadhan Harahap","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164821","display_name":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam","ror":"https://ror.org/05dg8jj08","country_code":"ID","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasni Yaturramadhan Harahap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80888442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"640","last_page":"650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.7202000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.7202000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.13330000638961792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clitoria-ternatea","display_name":"Clitoria ternatea","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butterfly-pea-flower-extract","display_name":"butterfly pea flower extract","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-oxide","display_name":"zinc oxide","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mouthwash-formulation","display_name":"mouthwash formulation","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-flavonoid-content","display_name":"total flavonoid content","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicochemical-characterization","display_name":"physicochemical characterization","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity","display_name":"viscosity","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"stability","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-attributes","display_name":"sensory properties","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.8385000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74940592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723254","display_name":"Maceration (sewage)","level":2,"score":0.7164999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779054382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72185287","display_name":"Flavonoid","level":3,"score":0.6784999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5964000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98015330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907315","display_name":"Absorbance","level":2,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46328234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501465","display_name":"Organoleptic","level":2,"score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019249092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274493","display_name":"Antibacterial agent","level":3,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70899900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290439","display_name":"Polyphenol","level":3,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332084","display_name":"Spectrophotometry","level":2,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776794632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312265","display_name":"Clitoria ternatea","level":3,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17741926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762045","display_name":"Bacterial growth","level":3,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.27570000290870667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.medistra.ac.id/index.php/JFM/article/download/3955/2186","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213644","display_name":"JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)","issn_l":"2655-0814","issn":["2655-0814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210164821","host_organization_name":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.3955","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.medistra.ac.id/index.php/JFM/article/download/3955/2186","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213644","display_name":"JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)","issn_l":"2655-0814","issn":["2655-0814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210164821","host_organization_name":"Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164821"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224813486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224813486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034674219","https://openalex.org/W3153386617","https://openalex.org/W3158343773","https://openalex.org/W3184233702","https://openalex.org/W3200570111","https://openalex.org/W3215697985","https://openalex.org/W4214948932","https://openalex.org/W4221053979","https://openalex.org/W4304185439","https://openalex.org/W4307935521","https://openalex.org/W4309580480","https://openalex.org/W4323047467","https://openalex.org/W4362566714","https://openalex.org/W4387026672","https://openalex.org/W4387139566","https://openalex.org/W4389778726","https://openalex.org/W4390840846","https://openalex.org/W4397024272","https://openalex.org/W4399619628","https://openalex.org/W4400095182","https://openalex.org/W4400268525","https://openalex.org/W4403563179","https://openalex.org/W4404281643","https://openalex.org/W4405690040","https://openalex.org/W4406199192","https://openalex.org/W4406235024","https://openalex.org/W4408845289","https://openalex.org/W4409647731","https://openalex.org/W4415023366","https://openalex.org/W7131066328","https://openalex.org/W7147742764","https://openalex.org/W7161549640","https://openalex.org/W7169784014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391602809","https://openalex.org/W7025289096","https://openalex.org/W7219426130","https://openalex.org/W4376877088","https://openalex.org/W4408535877","https://openalex.org/W7219182833","https://openalex.org/W4404246053","https://openalex.org/W7126247544","https://openalex.org/W4309336675","https://openalex.org/W7166847998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Butterfly":[0],"pea":[1,48],"(Clitoria":[2],"ternatea":[3],"L.)":[4],"is":[5,16],"a":[6,26,44,103,123,133,147,195,200],"source":[7],"of":[8,29,43,83,126,137,149,154,170],"flavonoids":[9],"with":[10,80,97,146,202],"potential":[11],"biological":[12],"activity,":[13],"while":[14,91],"ZnO":[15,92,98,178,197],"known":[17],"for":[18],"its":[19,63],"antibacterial":[20,41,115,209],"properties,":[21,108],"making":[22],"their":[23],"integration":[24],"into":[25],"mouthwash":[27,45,201],"formulation":[28],"particular":[30],"interest.":[31],"This":[32],"study":[33],"aimed":[34],"to":[35,132,192],"evaluate":[36],"the":[37,73,143,177,189,207,212],"physicochemical":[38,204],"characteristics":[39,205],"and":[40,51,62,88,114,161,206],"activity":[42,116,210],"integrating":[46],"butterfly":[47],"flower":[49],"extract":[50,54,81,100,121,190],"ZnO.":[52],"The":[53,120],"was":[55,67,93],"obtained":[56],"by":[57,69],"maceration":[58],"using":[59,72],"70%":[60],"ethanol,":[61],"total":[64,134],"flavonoid":[65,135],"content":[66,136],"determined":[68],"UV-Vis":[70],"spectrophotometry":[71],"AlCl3-quercetin":[74],"method.":[75],"Mouthwash":[76],"formulations":[77],"were":[78],"prepared":[79],"concentrations":[82],"0.5%":[84],"(F1),":[85],"1.0%":[86],"(F2),":[87],"1.5%":[89,193],"(F3),":[90],"maintained":[94],"at":[95,128,194],"0.05%,":[96],"without":[99],"used":[101],"as":[102],"control.":[104],"Evaluations":[105],"included":[106],"organoleptic":[107],"homogeneity,":[109,160],"pH,":[110],"viscosity,":[111],"physical":[112],"stability,":[113],"against":[117],"Staphylococcus":[118],"aureus.":[119],"exhibited":[122],"mean":[124],"absorbance":[125],"0.3562":[127],"373.4":[129],"nm,":[130],"corresponding":[131],"19.61":[138],"mg":[139],"QE/g.":[140],"F3":[141,165],"showed":[142],"best":[144],"characteristics,":[145],"pH":[148],"6.08":[150],"\u00b1":[151,156,172,181],"0.05,":[152],"viscosity":[153],"2.68":[155],"0.07":[157],"mPa\u00b7s,":[158],"good":[159],"no":[162],"phase":[163],"separation.":[164],"produced":[166,199],"an":[167],"inhibition":[168],"zone":[169],"13.67":[171],"0.45":[173],"mm,":[174],"higher":[175],"than":[176],"control":[179],"(8.21":[180],"0.32":[182],"mm).":[183],"These":[184],"findings":[185],"indicate":[186],"that":[187],"increasing":[188],"concentration":[191,198],"fixed":[196],"favorable":[203],"highest":[208],"among":[211],"tested":[213],"formulations.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
