{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224809682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940","title":"An Algorithm for Switching Time Calculation in a Unipolar SPWM Grid-Connected Full-Bridge Inverter","display_name":"An Algorithm for Switching Time Calculation in a Unipolar SPWM Grid-Connected Full-Bridge Inverter","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224809682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19110940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137056289","display_name":"Guadalupe Jasm\u00edn Mu\u00f1oz-Salazar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4609-1484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4609-1484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138655","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/0314ecq26","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guadalupe Jasmin Mu\u00f1oz-Salazar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4609-1484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010316067","display_name":"Heriberto Adamas-P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-3843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-3843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163111","display_name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163111"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heriberto Adamas-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secretaria de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI), Mexico City 03940, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-3843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secretaria de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI), Mexico City 03940, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015177688","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Dar\u00edo Mina Antonio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-6837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-6837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138655","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/0314ecq26","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Dario Mina-Antonio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-6837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025271513","display_name":"J. Aguayo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-0033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-0033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138655","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/0314ecq26","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Aguayo-Alquicira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-0033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026960759","display_name":"Mario Ponce\u2010Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-6903","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-6903"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138655","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/0314ecq26","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Ponce-Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-6903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101582766","display_name":"Guillermo Ram\u00edrez-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-7567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-7567"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152839","display_name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Emiliano Zapata del Estado de Morelos","ror":"https://ror.org/048gjv863","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152839"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillermo Ram\u00edrez-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Mec\u00e1nica Industrial, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Emiliano Zapata del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica No. 1, Emiliano Zapata 62765, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-7567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Mec\u00e1nica Industrial, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Emiliano Zapata del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica No. 1, Emiliano Zapata 62765, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035794964","display_name":"Susana Estefany De Le\u00f3n Aldaco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-4228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-4228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138655","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/0314ecq26","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susana Estefany De Le\u00f3n-Aldaco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-4228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010316067","https://openalex.org/A5035794964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138655","https://openalex.org/I4210163111"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75258211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"940","last_page":"940"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.8804000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.8804000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.07599999755620956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-bridge-inverter","display_name":"full-bridge inverter","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-connected-inverter","display_name":"grid-connected inverter","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lcl-filter","display_name":"LCL filter","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-tables","display_name":"look-up table","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unity-power-factor","display_name":"unity power factor","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-loop-operation","display_name":"open-loop operation","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcendental-equations","display_name":"transcendental equations","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6908000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.6897000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.6628000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5164999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64424096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454","display_name":"Power factor","level":3,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139609574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2273509","display_name":"Transcendental equation","level":3,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779187506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41705698","display_name":"Active power filter","level":4,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81455027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180955","display_name":"Phase margin","level":5,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19110940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19110940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19110940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1884666378","https://openalex.org/W2043803217","https://openalex.org/W2117205971","https://openalex.org/W2593069120","https://openalex.org/W2739487749","https://openalex.org/W2739679628","https://openalex.org/W2748225802","https://openalex.org/W2884021252","https://openalex.org/W2911491651","https://openalex.org/W2912404040","https://openalex.org/W2913498460","https://openalex.org/W2925943977","https://openalex.org/W2968700814","https://openalex.org/W2970115434","https://openalex.org/W2985685725","https://openalex.org/W2999640867","https://openalex.org/W3014341336","https://openalex.org/W3014600103","https://openalex.org/W3015004536","https://openalex.org/W3048751866","https://openalex.org/W3092354817","https://openalex.org/W3154207497","https://openalex.org/W3164688429","https://openalex.org/W3215047379","https://openalex.org/W4200442066","https://openalex.org/W4224096077","https://openalex.org/W4311275490","https://openalex.org/W4376457046","https://openalex.org/W4380686137","https://openalex.org/W4385576437","https://openalex.org/W4386917660","https://openalex.org/W4399668998","https://openalex.org/W4400823882","https://openalex.org/W4401731302","https://openalex.org/W4407198428","https://openalex.org/W4407407763","https://openalex.org/W4409985612","https://openalex.org/W6907884874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014823018","https://openalex.org/W2517883796","https://openalex.org/W2987108899","https://openalex.org/W3173812918","https://openalex.org/W2396174380","https://openalex.org/W2348356446","https://openalex.org/W1964443251","https://openalex.org/W3033203140","https://openalex.org/W2792498392","https://openalex.org/W4403749340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,9,41,56,78,88],"hybrid":[4],"(offline\u2013online)":[5],"algorithm":[6,68],"for":[7,128],"controlling":[8],"single-phase":[10],"full-bridge":[11],"inverter":[12],"connected":[13],"to":[14,40],"the":[15,29,35,47,67,74,84,98,108,113,126],"grid":[16],"using":[17],"unipolar":[18],"SPWM":[19],"modulation":[20],"and":[21,53,116],"an":[22,101],"LCL":[23,114],"filter.":[24],"The":[25,93],"methodology":[26],"could":[27],"reduce":[28],"real-time":[30],"computational":[31],"load":[32],"by":[33,72,87],"shifting":[34],"solution":[36],"of":[37,100,112],"transcendental":[38],"equations":[39],"preliminary":[42],"stage.":[43],"Using":[44],"Bolzano\u2019s":[45],"Theorem,":[46],"approximate":[48],"switching":[49,75],"instants":[50],"are":[51],"precalculated":[52],"stored":[54],"in":[55,77,97,123],"lookup":[57,79],"table":[58,80],"(LUT)":[59,81],"with":[60],"high":[61],"temporal":[62],"resolution.":[63],"During":[64],"online":[65],"execution,":[66],"synchronizes":[69],"power":[70,121],"injection":[71],"indexing":[73],"times":[76],"based":[82],"on":[83],"phase":[85,110],"extracted":[86],"discrete":[89],"phase-locked":[90],"loop":[91],"(PLL).":[92],"main":[94],"contribution":[95],"lies":[96],"integration":[99],"analytical":[102],"feedforward":[103],"angular":[104],"compensation,":[105],"which":[106],"cancels":[107],"intrinsic":[109],"shift":[111],"filter":[115],"allows":[117],"operation":[118],"at":[119],"unity":[120],"factor":[122],"open-loop,":[124],"eliminating":[125],"need":[127],"complex":[129],"current":[130],"controllers":[131],"such":[132],"as":[133],"Proportional-Resonant":[134],"(PR)":[135],"schemes.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}