{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224809478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","title":"Teacher Autonomy and Problem-Based Learning Practices in Indonesian EFL Classrooms: Empowering or Overpowering?","display_name":"Teacher Autonomy and Problem-Based Learning Practices in Indonesian EFL Classrooms: Empowering or Overpowering?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224809478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/TLI/article/download/80951/59400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737405666","display_name":"Teaching & Learning Inquiry The ISSOTL Journal","issn_l":"2167-4779","issn":["2167-4779","2167-4787"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310973","host_organization_name":"University of Calgary","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Calgary"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Teaching and Learning Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/TLI/article/download/80951/59400","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058296429","display_name":"Indah Werdiningsih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-3145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-3145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108816","display_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember","ror":"https://ror.org/021p32893","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108816"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indah Werdiningsih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-3145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090070923","display_name":"Yazid Basthomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3314-3334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3314-3334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazid Basthomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Negeri Malang"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3314-3334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Negeri Malang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040076365","display_name":"Nur Mukminatien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-5174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-5174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Mukminatien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Negeri Malang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Negeri Malang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001058346","display_name":"Nurenzia Yannuar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-6072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-6072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurenzia Yannuar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Negeri Malang"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-6072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Negeri Malang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90576673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.6449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.6449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.3352000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-based-learning","display_name":"problem-based learning","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-autonomy","display_name":"teacher autonomy","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learner-autonomy","display_name":"learner autonomy","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-centered-instruction","display_name":"teacher-centered instruction","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-centered-learning","display_name":"student-centered learning","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-teaching","display_name":"EFL teaching","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-beliefs","display_name":"teacher beliefs","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pbl-implementation","display_name":"PBL implementation","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesian-universities","display_name":"Indonesian universities","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6674000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.6617000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48980000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428888","display_name":"Faculty development","level":3,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060990","display_name":"Problem-based learning","level":2,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184827183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248082","display_name":"Professional learning community","level":3,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780805685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374230","display_name":"Teacher education","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80245801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477475","display_name":"Semi-structured interview","level":3,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986206625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18185","display_name":"Student achievement","level":3,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182325601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17064286","display_name":"Learner autonomy","level":4,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/TLI/article/download/80951/59400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737405666","display_name":"Teaching & Learning Inquiry The ISSOTL Journal","issn_l":"2167-4779","issn":["2167-4779","2167-4787"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310973","host_organization_name":"University of Calgary","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Calgary"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Teaching and Learning Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:630b7d38a86f463aa37b8bfeddac933a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/630b7d38a86f463aa37b8bfeddac933a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Teaching & Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.14.51","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/TLI/article/download/80951/59400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737405666","display_name":"Teaching & Learning Inquiry The ISSOTL Journal","issn_l":"2167-4779","issn":["2167-4779","2167-4787"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310973","host_organization_name":"University of Calgary","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Calgary"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Teaching and Learning Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224809478.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224809478.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655994343","https://openalex.org/W2066629752","https://openalex.org/W2087037137","https://openalex.org/W2152487955","https://openalex.org/W2165247100","https://openalex.org/W2165835505","https://openalex.org/W2526306226","https://openalex.org/W2792215959","https://openalex.org/W2794279551","https://openalex.org/W2801858752","https://openalex.org/W2890571912","https://openalex.org/W2917476628","https://openalex.org/W2937170098","https://openalex.org/W2940645065","https://openalex.org/W2945342197","https://openalex.org/W2945496028","https://openalex.org/W2952055047","https://openalex.org/W2976234988","https://openalex.org/W2983253678","https://openalex.org/W3004215961","https://openalex.org/W3028821030","https://openalex.org/W3034809447","https://openalex.org/W3036527960","https://openalex.org/W3036883863","https://openalex.org/W3038513900","https://openalex.org/W3048724601","https://openalex.org/W3088022767","https://openalex.org/W3089282089","https://openalex.org/W3114954202","https://openalex.org/W3121533943","https://openalex.org/W3127211988","https://openalex.org/W3154477588","https://openalex.org/W3161163802","https://openalex.org/W3166350460","https://openalex.org/W3176328006","https://openalex.org/W3184992248","https://openalex.org/W3185716266","https://openalex.org/W4205763174","https://openalex.org/W4214514543","https://openalex.org/W4220997796","https://openalex.org/W4285091442","https://openalex.org/W4297360895","https://openalex.org/W4302190943","https://openalex.org/W4307436719","https://openalex.org/W4319737974","https://openalex.org/W4379801632","https://openalex.org/W4386404750","https://openalex.org/W4399296724","https://openalex.org/W4400333789","https://openalex.org/W4401150454","https://openalex.org/W4404996140","https://openalex.org/W4409186456","https://openalex.org/W4409531734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128170743","https://openalex.org/W1871231709","https://openalex.org/W7207668706","https://openalex.org/W3212621526","https://openalex.org/W1513719451","https://openalex.org/W7125523873","https://openalex.org/W4388411372","https://openalex.org/W2086377568","https://openalex.org/W7196926232","https://openalex.org/W7220153558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,27,48,116,122,205],"modern":[2],"world,":[3],"students":[4,53],"should":[5,189],"be":[6],"equipped":[7],"with":[8,39,90],"critical":[9],"thinking,":[10],"problem-solving,":[11],"and":[12,42,68,87,196],"autonomous":[13],"learning":[14],"skills.":[15],"Problem-Based":[16],"Learning":[17],"(PBL)":[18],"is":[19],"designed":[20],"to":[21,32,44,54,72,166,202],"foster":[22],"these":[23],"competencies":[24],"by":[25],"shifting":[26],"focus":[28],"from":[29,93],"teacher-centered":[30],"instruction":[31],"student-centered":[33,77],"learning.":[34,60],"However,":[35],"many":[36,141],"instructors":[37,117],"struggle":[38],"this":[40],"transition":[41],"tend":[43],"take":[45,55],"control":[46],"of":[47,51,57,108,114,129,184,207],"classroom":[49,85,130],"instead":[50],"encouraging":[52],"charge":[56],"their":[58],"own":[59],"This":[61],"study":[62],"investigates":[63],"how":[64],"teachers":[65,92,103,142,168],"implement":[66],"PBL":[67,109,123,149,178,208],"what":[69],"factors":[70],"contribute":[71],"teacher":[73,194],"dominance":[74],"in":[75,96,112,193,200],"a":[76,81,159,181],"approach.":[78],"We":[79],"employed":[80],"mixed-methods":[82],"design,":[83],"incorporating":[84],"observations":[86],"semi-structured":[88],"interviews":[89],"20":[91],"two":[94],"universities":[95],"East":[97],"Java,":[98],"Indonesia.":[99],"Findings":[100],"revealed":[101],"that":[102,140],"correctly":[104],"implemented":[105],"only":[106,151],"37.50%":[107],"phases,":[110],"while":[111,146],"62.50%":[113],"cases,":[115],"misapplied":[118],"or":[119],"didn\u2019t":[120],"complete":[121],"phase.":[124],"Teacher-centered":[125],"activities":[126],"dominated":[127],"64.17%":[128],"interactions,":[131],"limiting":[132],"opportunities":[133],"for":[134,153,161],"learner":[135],"autonomy.":[136],"Interview":[137],"results":[138],"highlighted":[139],"misunderstood":[143],"problem":[144],"presentation,":[145],"some":[147],"believed":[148],"was":[150],"effective":[152],"high-achieving":[154],"students.":[155],"These":[156],"findings":[157],"highlight":[158],"need":[160],"targeted":[162],"professional":[163],"development":[164],"programs":[165],"help":[167],"become":[169],"facilitators":[170],"rather":[171],"than":[172],"content":[173],"deliverers.":[174],"Without":[175],"proper":[176],"training,":[177],"risks":[179],"becoming":[180],"modified":[182],"version":[183],"traditional":[185],"teaching.":[186],"Future":[187],"research":[188],"explore":[190],"long-term":[191],"changes":[192],"autonomy":[195],"incorporate":[197],"students\u2019":[198],"perspectives":[199],"order":[201],"better":[203],"understand":[204],"impact":[206],"implementation.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}