{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224801268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70167/pfms8022","title":"The Alternative to \u201cHarm\u201d in the ESA \u201cTake\u201d Claims","display_name":"The Alternative to \u201cHarm\u201d in the ESA \u201cTake\u201d Claims","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224801268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70167/pfms8022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70167/pfms8022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70167/pfms8022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70167/pfms8022","pdf_url":"https://bclawreview.bc.edu/articles/3296/files/6ae4ab9d1dee1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48599909","display_name":"Boston College Law Review","issn_l":"0161-6587","issn":["0161-6587","1930-661X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315958","host_organization_name":"Boston College Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315958","https://openalex.org/P4310315868"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Boston College Law School","Boston College"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Boston College Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://bclawreview.bc.edu/articles/3296/files/6ae4ab9d1dee1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160186394","display_name":"Abigail C. Feldman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103531236","display_name":"Boston College","ror":"https://ror.org/02n2fzt79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abigail C. Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston College Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston College Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160186394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96548972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"7","first_page":"2353","last_page":"2391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.8788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.8788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13357","display_name":"Property Rights and Legal Doctrine","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endangered-species-act","display_name":"Endangered Species Act","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-conservation","display_name":"habitat conservation","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harassment","display_name":"harassment","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"harm","score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threatened-species","display_name":"threatened species","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-modification","display_name":"habitat modification","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-interpretation","display_name":"regulatory interpretation","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section-9","display_name":"Section 9","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.9401999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.8982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24518262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023","display_name":"Threatened species","level":3,"score":0.8823000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147366489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766328","display_name":"Wildlife conservation","level":3,"score":0.6402999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175895763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072037","display_name":"North American Model of Wildlife Conservation","level":4,"score":0.6341999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.616599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6330744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3481436","display_name":"Habitat conservation","level":3,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166548495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580178","display_name":"Wildlife management","level":3,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776677640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186723","display_name":"Critical habitat","level":4,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776605222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141338","display_name":"Wildlife trade","level":3,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64229544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552431","display_name":"Habitat destruction","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24784978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864912","display_name":"Wildlife corridor","level":3,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5313481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158862","display_name":"Conservation-dependent species","level":5,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70167/pfms8022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70167/pfms8022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70167/pfms8022","pdf_url":"https://bclawreview.bc.edu/articles/3296/files/6ae4ab9d1dee1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48599909","display_name":"Boston College Law Review","issn_l":"0161-6587","issn":["0161-6587","1930-661X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315958","host_organization_name":"Boston College Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315958","https://openalex.org/P4310315868"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Boston College Law School","Boston College"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Boston College Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70167/pfms8022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70167/pfms8022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70167/pfms8022","pdf_url":"https://bclawreview.bc.edu/articles/3296/files/6ae4ab9d1dee1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48599909","display_name":"Boston College Law Review","issn_l":"0161-6587","issn":["0161-6587","1930-661X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315958","host_organization_name":"Boston College Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315958","https://openalex.org/P4310315868"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Boston College Law School","Boston College"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Boston College Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224801268.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224801268.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165711007","https://openalex.org/W7080402485","https://openalex.org/W7155668067","https://openalex.org/W7018916657","https://openalex.org/W254838906","https://openalex.org/W3122726630","https://openalex.org/W2027239873","https://openalex.org/W7066753484","https://openalex.org/W843035110","https://openalex.org/W1811793841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wildlife":[0],"agencies":[1],"recently":[2],"finalized":[3],"major":[4],"changes":[5],"to":[6,30],"regulations":[7,15],"interpreting":[8],"the":[9,61,74],"Endangered":[10],"Species":[11],"Act":[12],"(ESA).":[13],"These":[14],"remove":[16],"longstanding":[17],"habitat":[18,32,75],"protections":[19],"for":[20],"endangered":[21],"and":[22,29],"threatened":[23],"species.":[24],"To":[25],"better":[26],"protect":[27],"wildlife":[28,51],"solidify":[31],"protection\u2019s":[33],"role":[34],"in":[35,73],"Section":[36],"9":[37],"ESA":[38],"litigation,":[39],"conservation":[40],"groups":[41],"should":[42],"bring":[43],"more":[44],"claims":[45,66],"arguing":[46],"that":[47,67],"proposed":[48],"projects":[49],"\u201charass\u201d":[50],"by":[52],"changing":[53],"or":[54],"destroying":[55],"their":[56],"habitat.":[57],"This":[58],"Note":[59],"explores":[60],"potential":[62],"effectiveness":[63],"of":[64],"\u201ctake\u201d":[65],"allege":[68],"\u201charass,\u201d":[69],"rather":[70],"than":[71],"\u201charm,\u201d":[72],"modification":[76],"context.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}