{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224790402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/orr.s641316","title":"Exosome Orthobiologics in Sports Medicine and Orthopaedics: The Exosome Orthobiologic Accountability Framework (EOAF) for Responsible Clinical Adoption","display_name":"Exosome Orthobiologics in Sports Medicine and Orthopaedics: The Exosome Orthobiologic Accountability Framework (EOAF) for Responsible Clinical Adoption","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224790402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/orr.s641316","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42979157","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13729846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/orr.s641316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/orr.s641316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/orr.s641316","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/121620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183204","display_name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","issn_l":"1179-1462","issn":["1179-1462"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/121620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011169702","display_name":"Rita Saad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168913471","display_name":"University of Balamand","ror":"https://ror.org/01xvwxv41","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rita Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118676219","display_name":"Johnny Saadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2455-2709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2455-2709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168913471","display_name":"University of Balamand","ror":"https://ror.org/01xvwxv41","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johnny Saadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2455-2709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116189716","display_name":"Fouad Assaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0789-7459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0789-7459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168913471","display_name":"University of Balamand","ror":"https://ror.org/01xvwxv41","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fouad Assaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0789-7459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042268671","display_name":"Emanuel\u2010Youssef Dib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6818-5366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6818-5366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168913471","display_name":"University of Balamand","ror":"https://ror.org/01xvwxv41","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuel Youssef Dib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126041385","display_name":"Ali Khalouf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168913471","display_name":"University of Balamand","ror":"https://ror.org/01xvwxv41","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Khalouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112923168","display_name":"Elyssa Kiwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6644-0572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6644-0572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168913471","display_name":"University of Balamand","ror":"https://ror.org/01xvwxv41","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elyssa Kiwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6644-0572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007799353","display_name":"Ramzi C. Moucharafieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-9635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-9635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168913471","display_name":"University of Balamand","ror":"https://ror.org/01xvwxv41","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201118511","display_name":"European University Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/04xp48827","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201118511"]}],"countries":["CY","LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramzi Moucharafieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clemenceau Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon","Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201118511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clemenceau Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011169702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"],"apc_list":{"value":2320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2320},"apc_paid":{"value":2320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2320},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70931558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 18","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11570","display_name":"Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10176","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell research","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-vesicles","display_name":"extracellular vesicles","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musculoskeletal-tissue-regeneration","display_name":"musculoskeletal regeneration","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-medicine","display_name":"sports medicine","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthopedics","display_name":"orthopedics","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-accountability","display_name":"regulatory accountability","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-standardization","display_name":"product standardization","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ev-characterization","display_name":"EV characterization","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potency-assay","display_name":"potency assay","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety","display_name":"patient safety","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-translation","display_name":"clinical translation","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-accountability","display_name":"governance accountability","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781261824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903634","display_name":"Exosome","level":5,"score":0.8172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6590999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777921204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66104672","display_name":"Knowledge translation","level":2,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43893838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840545","display_name":"Sports medicine","level":2,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162264550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17112037","display_name":"Translational medicine","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908689518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21097485","display_name":"Extracellular vesicle","level":5,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840469","display_name":"Microvesicles","level":4,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71008984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890076","display_name":"Rigour","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777896688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773715","display_name":"Clinical governance","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992929900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21097485","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/orr.s641316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/orr.s641316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/orr.s641316","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/121620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183204","display_name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","issn_l":"1179-1462","issn":["1179-1462"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13729846","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13729846/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13729846/pdf/ORR-18-641316.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Orthop Res Rev","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42979157","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42979157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Orthopedic research and reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e566323e9ba14f3aaeeb10ac8577a58f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e566323e9ba14f3aaeeb10ac8577a58f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews, Vol Volume 18, Iss Issue 1, Pp 1-23 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dovepress.com/121620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/exosome-orthobiologics-in-sports-medicine-and-orthopaedics-the-exosome-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ORR","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401012","display_name":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/orr.s641316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/orr.s641316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/orr.s641316","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/121620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183204","display_name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","issn_l":"1179-1462","issn":["1179-1462"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Orthopedic Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224790402.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224790402.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066496557","https://openalex.org/W2167432895","https://openalex.org/W2207291742","https://openalex.org/W2259481044","https://openalex.org/W2410527853","https://openalex.org/W2414083225","https://openalex.org/W2466450088","https://openalex.org/W2898347438","https://openalex.org/W2901993045","https://openalex.org/W2965732197","https://openalex.org/W3017240959","https://openalex.org/W3019616278","https://openalex.org/W3028300441","https://openalex.org/W4253157472","https://openalex.org/W4390502337","https://openalex.org/W4391605637","https://openalex.org/W7128533989","https://openalex.org/W7130713478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204833755","https://openalex.org/W4388212980","https://openalex.org/W4415218921","https://openalex.org/W7135035812","https://openalex.org/W7133351026","https://openalex.org/W6885205588","https://openalex.org/W4376112312","https://openalex.org/W4410220984","https://openalex.org/W7154273131","https://openalex.org/W7155617867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exosome-based":[0],"orthobiologics":[1],"have":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,135,156,217],"a":[5,218,223],"potential":[6,247],"cell-free":[7],"regenerative":[8],"strategy":[9],"in":[10,163],"sports":[11],"medicine":[12],"and":[13,22,36,43,58,66,90,96,103,190,203,210,228,232,261,280],"orthopaedics":[14],"through":[15,74],"extracellular":[16],"vesicle":[17],"(EV)-mediated":[18],"modulation":[19],"of":[20,112,129,149,198,248],"inflammation":[21],"tissue":[23],"repair.":[24],"However,":[25],"translation":[26,266],"into":[27],"clinical":[28,46,63,87,225,237,259,282],"practice":[29],"remains":[30,255],"limited":[31,44,258],"by":[32,93,257],"heterogeneous":[33,124],"product":[34,85,201,263],"definitions":[35],"manufacturing":[37,204],"methods,":[38],"inconsistent":[39],"characterization,":[40,86,273],"uncertain":[41],"potency,":[42],"high-level":[45],"evidence.":[47],"This":[48],"narrative":[49],"review":[50,109],"examines":[51],"EV":[52,81,125,132,272],"biology,":[53,82],"musculoskeletal":[54,83,253],"applications,":[55,84],"consensus":[56,97],"standards,":[57],"regulatory":[59,95,199],"considerations":[60,105,161],"relevant":[61,94],"to":[62,123,147],"translation.":[64],"PubMed":[65],"Google":[67],"Scholar":[68],"were":[69],"searched":[70],"from":[71],"December":[72],"2025":[73],"April":[75],"2026":[76],"for":[77],"scientific":[78],"literature":[79],"addressing":[80],"evidence,":[88],"safety,":[89],"regulation,":[91],"supplemented":[92],"sources.":[98],"Recurring":[99],"scientific,":[100],"regulatory,":[101],"patient-safety,":[102],"governance":[104],"identified":[106,162],"during":[107],"the":[108,113,117,136,160,164,169,196,245],"informed":[110],"development":[111],"EOAF":[114,214],"domains.":[115],"Because":[116],"term":[118],"\"exosome\"":[119,142],"is":[120,133,143,215],"frequently":[121],"applied":[122],"preparations":[126],"without":[127],"confirmation":[128],"exosomal":[130,151],"biogenesis,":[131],"used":[134],"preferred":[137],"terminology":[138],"where":[139],"appropriate,":[140],"while":[141],"retained":[144],"when":[145],"referring":[146],"vesicles":[148],"established":[150],"origin":[152],"or":[153],"products":[154],"marketed":[155],"\"exosomes\".":[157],"Based":[158],"on":[159],"reviewed":[165],"literature,":[166],"we":[167],"propose":[168],"Exosome":[170],"Orthobiologic":[171],"Accountability":[172],"Framework":[173],"(EOAF),":[174],"an":[175],"unvalidated":[176],"due-diligence":[177],"model":[178],"comprising":[179],"five":[180],"domains:":[181],"Regulatory":[182],"Accountability,":[183,185,187,189],"Product":[184],"Evidence":[186],"Patient":[188],"Governance":[191],"Accountability.":[192],"These":[193],"domains":[194],"organize":[195],"evaluation":[197,231],"status,":[200],"identity":[202],"transparency,":[205],"evidence":[206,243,260],"quality,":[207],"patient":[208],"protection,":[209],"institutional":[211],"oversight.":[212],"The":[213],"intended":[216],"conceptual":[219],"framework":[220],"rather":[221],"than":[222],"validated":[224,274],"decision":[226],"tool":[227],"requires":[229],"stakeholder":[230],"prospective":[233],"validation":[234],"before":[235],"its":[236],"utility":[238],"can":[239],"be":[240],"established.":[241],"Current":[242],"supports":[244],"biological":[246],"EV-based":[249],"therapies,":[250],"but":[251],"routine":[252],"use":[254],"constrained":[256],"insufficient":[262],"standardization.":[264],"Future":[265],"will":[267],"require":[268],"reproducible":[269],"manufacturing,":[270],"rigorous":[271],"potency":[275],"assays,":[276],"long-term":[277],"safety":[278],"assessment,":[279],"well-designed":[281],"trials.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
