{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224783501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560","title":"Same question, different language, different brands: a four-market measurement of query-language effects on brand recommendations from AI answer engines","display_name":"Same question, different language, different brands: a four-market measurement of query-language effects on brand recommendations from AI answer engines","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224783501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23813560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160188413","display_name":"Somya Goyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1754-1579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1754-1579"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Goyal, Somya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stellarcast Private Limited"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1754-1579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stellarcast Private Limited","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160188413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93569589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.6381999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.6381999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.3391000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13976","display_name":"Web visibility and informetrics","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-answer-engines","display_name":"AI answer engines","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand-recommendation","display_name":"brand recommendation","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-languages","display_name":"query languages","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingual-information-retrieval","display_name":"multilingual information retrieval","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-market-comparison","display_name":"cross-market comparison","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"perplexity","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/google-ai-mode","display_name":"Google AI Mode","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsoft-copilot","display_name":"Microsoft Copilot","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemini","display_name":"Gemini","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jaccard-similarity","display_name":"Jaccard similarity","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203519979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865360","display_name":"Jaccard index","level":3,"score":0.6262999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019144022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4124998","display_name":"Questions and answers","level":2,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984485829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100766421","display_name":"Noise level","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777319359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664444","display_name":"Local language","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23813560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23813561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23813560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23813560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165633880","https://openalex.org/W7204958464","https://openalex.org/W7168839963","https://openalex.org/W7164118253","https://openalex.org/W7210282379","https://openalex.org/W7205015776","https://openalex.org/W7223777327","https://openalex.org/W7166477835","https://openalex.org/W7169659363","https://openalex.org/W7202385704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brands":[0],"increasingly":[1],"monitor":[2],"how":[3],"AI":[4,67,177,215],"answer":[5],"engines":[6,64],"recommend":[7],"them,":[8],"and":[9,53,72,94,126,137,201,240],"most":[10],"monitoring":[11,213],"is":[12,34,232],"done":[13],"in":[14,49,54,74,105,152,170,179,190],"English.":[15],"We":[16,86],"test":[17],"whether":[18],"the":[19,32,50,57,91,96,102,106,117,121,133,138,142,149,161,182,225],"language":[20,52,108,139,198],"of":[21,101,116,148,158,172,214,222],"a":[22,110,197,219],"buyer's":[23],"question":[24,104],"changes":[25],"which":[26,186],"brands":[27],"an":[28],"engine":[29],"names":[30],"when":[31],"location":[33,189],"held":[35],"fixed.":[36],"In":[37,113],"four":[38],"markets":[39],"(Germany,":[40],"France,":[41],"Japan,":[42],"Brazil)":[43],"we":[44,241],"asked":[45],"10":[46],"coffee-buying":[47],"questions":[48,151],"local":[51],"English,":[55],"from":[56,224],"same":[58,103,107],"country,":[59],"on":[60,78,144,160],"up":[61],"to":[62],"five":[63],"(Perplexity,":[65],"Google":[66,176],"Mode,":[68],"Gemini,":[69],"Microsoft":[70],"Copilot,":[71],"ChatGPT":[73],"Germany),":[75],"twice":[76],"each,":[77],"4":[79],"October":[80],"2026":[81],"(about":[82],"650":[83],"answers":[84,128,169],"analysed).":[85],"compare":[87],"brand":[88],"sets":[89],"with":[90,175],"Jaccard":[92],"index":[93],"use":[95],"overlap":[97,123],"between":[98,124],"two":[99,238],"runs":[100],"as":[109,181,245],"noise":[111,143],"baseline.":[112],"every":[114],"one":[115,226,236],"15":[118,173],"market-engine":[119],"cells,":[120,174],"median":[122,156],"local-language":[125,168,227],"English":[127],"(0-21%)":[129],"was":[130,165,193],"lower":[131],"than":[132],"run-to-run":[134],"baseline":[135],"(20-78%),":[136],"gap":[140],"exceeded":[141],"at":[145],"least":[146],"8":[147],"comparable":[150],"each":[153],"cell.":[154],"The":[155,208,230],"share":[157],"citations":[159],"market's":[162],"country-code":[163],"domain":[164],"higher":[166],"for":[167],"14":[171],"Mode":[178],"Japan":[180],"clear":[183],"exception.":[184],"Perplexity,":[185],"received":[187],"no":[188],"our":[191],"setup,":[192],"highly":[194],"stable":[195],"within":[196],"(55-78%":[199],"overlap)":[200],"almost":[202],"entirely":[203],"different":[204,220],"across":[205],"languages":[206],"(4-11%).":[207],"results":[209],"suggest":[210],"that":[211],"English-only":[212],"visibility":[216],"can":[217],"describe":[218],"set":[221],"recommendations":[223],"buyers":[228],"see.":[229],"study":[231],"small":[233],"(one":[234],"category,":[235],"day,":[237],"runs)":[239],"report":[242],"all":[243],"figures":[244],"P25-P75":[246],"ranges.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
