{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224780910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","title":"Internalized stigma and lifetime suicidal thoughts and behaviors among gay and bisexual men of color: a cross-sectional investigation","display_name":"Internalized stigma and lifetime suicidal thoughts and behaviors among gay and bisexual men of color: a cross-sectional investigation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224780910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42961505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189995291","display_name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","issn_l":"0933-7954","issn":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043509522","display_name":"Drexler James","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-168X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-168X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Drexler James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, 55455-0366, USA. djames@umn.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-168X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, 55455-0366, USA. djames@umn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136055498","display_name":"Asia T. Bright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-1341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-1341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asia T. Bright","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043509522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91292259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.913100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.913100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10376","display_name":"Suicide and Self-Harm Studies","score":0.07750000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-stigma","display_name":"self-stigma","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internalized-racism","display_name":"internalized racism","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internalized-heterosexism","display_name":"internalized heterosexism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicidal-ideation","display_name":"suicidal ideation","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-plans","display_name":"suicide planning","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-attempts","display_name":"suicide attempts","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gay-men","display_name":"gay men","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bisexual-men","display_name":"bisexual men","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/men-of-color","display_name":"men of color","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-minorities","display_name":"racial and ethnic minorities","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-stress","display_name":"perceived stress","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-prevention","display_name":"suicide prevention","score":0.9079999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7264999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.6545000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776641880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944142","display_name":"Suicidal ideation","level":4,"score":0.5867999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779990627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49809","display_name":"Heterosexism","level":3,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777005476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103967","display_name":"Minority stress","level":4,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778973849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q589656","display_name":"Sexual minority","level":3,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780842732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518184","display_name":"Suicide attempt","level":4,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781437451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137326","display_name":"Social stigma","level":3,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776001192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6636","display_name":"Homosexuality","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189995291","display_name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","issn_l":"0933-7954","issn":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42961505","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42961505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00127-026-03246-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189995291","display_name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","issn_l":"0933-7954","issn":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224780910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224780910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W574385249","https://openalex.org/W1593616844","https://openalex.org/W1995002942","https://openalex.org/W1996299251","https://openalex.org/W1996623534","https://openalex.org/W2007068017","https://openalex.org/W2028245317","https://openalex.org/W2043259067","https://openalex.org/W2050412241","https://openalex.org/W2058185683","https://openalex.org/W2079984696","https://openalex.org/W2082035994","https://openalex.org/W2085632436","https://openalex.org/W2091695840","https://openalex.org/W2115609473","https://openalex.org/W2121014019","https://openalex.org/W2132406025","https://openalex.org/W2153054064","https://openalex.org/W2163912735","https://openalex.org/W2326340181","https://openalex.org/W2345084896","https://openalex.org/W2782522742","https://openalex.org/W2931547979","https://openalex.org/W2995665189","https://openalex.org/W3008988476","https://openalex.org/W3009631995","https://openalex.org/W3042410209","https://openalex.org/W3214171006","https://openalex.org/W4223491678","https://openalex.org/W4294383492","https://openalex.org/W4308486495","https://openalex.org/W4384933659","https://openalex.org/W4392360534","https://openalex.org/W4403172076","https://openalex.org/W4403422817","https://openalex.org/W4408363000","https://openalex.org/W4414166916","https://openalex.org/W7127188645","https://openalex.org/W7154599817","https://openalex.org/W7167836022","https://openalex.org/W7169581884","https://openalex.org/W7203834297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6996839976","https://openalex.org/W2802839218","https://openalex.org/W4292773997","https://openalex.org/W7043305200","https://openalex.org/W6996760479","https://openalex.org/W2802254969","https://openalex.org/W3008988476","https://openalex.org/W6979780950","https://openalex.org/W4283511066","https://openalex.org/W2747242518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"This":[1],"cross-sectional":[2],"study":[3],"examined":[4],"associations":[5],"of":[6,75,105,144,161],"internalized":[7,10,123,145,150,154,171,199],"racism":[8,109,172],"and":[9,16,22,31,46,69,96,103,147,173,191,212,218,229,232],"heterosexism":[11,124],"with":[12,158],"lifetime":[13,86,163,175],"suicidal":[14,66,87,93,164,176,210],"thoughts":[15,88,165,177,211],"behaviors":[17,179,213],"among":[18,114,130,214],"ethnoracial":[19,34,49,215],"minority":[20,35,216],"gay":[21,29,217],"bisexual":[23,32,219],"men.":[24,220],"METHODS:":[25],"Participants":[26],"were":[27,71,98,111,126],"471":[28],"(46.5%)":[30],"(53.5%)":[33],"men":[36],"(Black":[37],"American,":[38,41,44],"49.5%;":[39],"Asian":[40],"23.2%;":[42],"Latino/Hispanic":[43],"18.0%,":[45],"9.3%":[47],"Other":[48],"minorities)":[50],"recruited":[51],"through":[52],"Qualtrics":[53],"Panels":[54],"for":[55],"an":[56],"online":[57],"survey":[58],"conducted":[59],"from":[60],"September":[61],"to":[62,225],"December":[63],"2020.":[64],"Lifetime":[65,92],"ideation,":[67,94],"planning,":[68,95],"attempts":[70,97,133],"assessed":[72],"separately.":[73],"Endorsement":[74],"at":[76],"least":[77],"one":[78],"indicator":[79,118],"defined":[80],"a":[81],"composite":[82],"outcome":[83],"reflecting":[84],"any":[85,162,174],"or":[89,119,134,166,178],"behaviors.":[90,167],"RESULTS:":[91],"reported":[99],"by":[100],"43.6%,":[101],"27.5%,":[102],"25.1%":[104],"participants,":[106],"respectively.":[107],"Internalized":[108],"scores":[110,125],"significantly":[112,127],"higher":[113,128],"participants":[115],"reporting":[116,132],"each":[117],"the":[120,135],"composite,":[121],"whereas":[122],"only":[129],"those":[131],"composite.":[136],"In":[137],"Model":[138,186],"1,":[139],"which":[140,188],"included":[141],"both":[142],"forms":[143],"stigma":[146,200],"demographic":[148],"characteristics,":[149],"racism,":[151],"but":[152],"not":[153],"heterosexism,":[155],"was":[156,180],"associated":[157],"greater":[159],"odds":[160],"The":[168],"association":[169],"between":[170],"no":[181],"longer":[182],"statistically":[183],"significant":[184],"in":[185,207],"2,":[187],"added":[189],"discrimination":[190],"perceived":[192],"stress.":[193],"CONCLUSION:":[194],"These":[195],"findings":[196],"suggest":[197],"that":[198],"warrants":[201],"consideration":[202],"alongside":[203],"broader":[204],"psychosocial":[205],"stressors":[206],"research":[208,222],"on":[209],"Longitudinal":[221],"is":[223],"needed":[224],"establish":[226],"temporal":[227],"ordering":[228],"clarify":[230],"whether":[231],"how":[233],"these":[234],"factors":[235],"may":[236],"inform":[237],"suicide":[238],"prevention":[239],"efforts.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
