{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224775220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","title":"Biodiversity credits hold promise, yet credit-generating protocols require safeguards to realize potential","display_name":"Biodiversity credits hold promise, yet credit-generating protocols require safeguards to realize potential","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224775220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139338987","display_name":"Environmental Research Letters","issn_l":"1748-9326","issn":["1748-9326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056114539","display_name":"Katherine A. Culbertson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-2563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-2563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Culbertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-2563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069947396","display_name":"Sarah Federman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-5409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-5409"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Federman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Relae"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Relae","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160221310","display_name":"Lucia Catherine Camp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7250-9677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7250-9677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Catherine Camp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7250-9677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043819698","display_name":"Matthew D. Potts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7442-3944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7442-3944"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew D Potts","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California - Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7442-3944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056114539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":3045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3045},"apc_paid":{"value":3045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3045},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.848509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13438","display_name":"Environmental Conservation and Management","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13438","display_name":"Environmental Conservation and Management","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.032099999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-credits","display_name":"biodiversity credits","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-offsets","display_name":"biodiversity offsetting","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-conservation-funding","display_name":"biodiversity conservation funding","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenwashing","display_name":"greenwashing","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additionality","display_name":"additionality","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"leakage","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7544999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6194999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779764076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8270788","display_name":"Global public good","level":3,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994246104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641498","display_name":"Biodiversity conservation","level":3,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187604713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570810","display_name":"Global biodiversity","level":3,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778815883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q983063","display_name":"Greenwashing","level":3,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993946284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037988","display_name":"Carbon market","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779485152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152805","display_name":"Convention on Biological Diversity","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139338987","display_name":"Environmental Research Letters","issn_l":"1748-9326","issn":["1748-9326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aebbdc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139338987","display_name":"Environmental Research Letters","issn_l":"1748-9326","issn":["1748-9326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5217000246047974}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224775220.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224775220.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801686452","https://openalex.org/W3195711177","https://openalex.org/W4284713208","https://openalex.org/W4328119003","https://openalex.org/W4390590963","https://openalex.org/W4399481439","https://openalex.org/W4399727135","https://openalex.org/W4401373309","https://openalex.org/W4403609331","https://openalex.org/W4405220620","https://openalex.org/W4408061717","https://openalex.org/W4408851478","https://openalex.org/W4410404210","https://openalex.org/W4411360898","https://openalex.org/W4413418609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7058692093","https://openalex.org/W4403609331","https://openalex.org/W4407029996","https://openalex.org/W7216555292","https://openalex.org/W4411360898","https://openalex.org/W7134965399","https://openalex.org/W4413227746","https://openalex.org/W7164899722","https://openalex.org/W7219102651","https://openalex.org/W7103169835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Given":[1],"the":[2,61,73,110,152,160],"existing":[3],"gap":[4],"in":[5,134,159,167],"biodiversity":[6,17,35,126],"funding,":[7],"mobilizing":[8],"private":[9,42],"finance":[10,43],"will":[11],"be":[12,50,120,155,171],"essential":[13],"to":[14,40,52,63,122,173],"achieving":[15],"global":[16],"conservation":[18,101],"goals,":[19],"especially":[20,128],"across":[21],"lower-":[22],"and":[23,29,55,68,81,102,106,132,136,149,162,165],"middle-income":[24],"countries":[25],"with":[26,99],"limited":[27],"capacity":[28],"public":[30],"finance.":[31],"The":[32],"emerging":[33],"voluntary":[34,111],"market":[36,70,113],"(VBM)":[37],"holds":[38],"promise":[39],"leverage":[41],"for":[44,86,145],"biodiversity,":[45],"but":[46],"credit-generating":[47],"protocols":[48,85],"must":[49,119,154,170],"robust":[51],"prevent":[53],"greenwashing":[54],"maximize":[56],"effectiveness.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"study,":[60],"first":[62],"move":[64],"beyond":[65],"theoretical":[66],"critiques":[67],"general":[69],"assessments":[71],"of":[72,78,125],"VBM,":[74,161],"we":[75,95],"extracted":[76],"details":[77],"program":[79],"structure":[80],"crediting":[82,135],"issuance":[83],"from":[84,109,151],"13":[87],"relatively":[88],"well-established":[89],"biodiversity-crediting":[90],"organizations.":[91],"With":[92],"these":[93],"data,":[94],"evaluated":[96],"protocols\u2019":[97],"alignment":[98],"both":[100],"restoration":[103],"biology":[104],"principles":[105],"lessons":[107],"learned":[108],"carbon":[112],"(VCM).":[114],"We":[115],"find":[116],"that":[117],"action":[118],"taken":[121],"improve":[123],"quantification":[124],"impacts,":[127],"incorporating":[129],"patch":[130],"size":[131],"connectivity":[133],"assessing":[137],"projects":[138],"on":[139],"ecologically":[140],"relevant":[141],"timelines.":[142],"Further,":[143],"safeguards":[144],"additionality,":[146],"leakage,":[147],"risk,":[148],"verification":[150],"VCM":[153],"more":[156],"robustly":[157],"integrated":[158],"deep":[163],"engagement":[164],"investment":[166],"local":[168],"communities":[169],"improved":[172],"ensure":[174],"durable":[175],"biodiversity-positive":[176],"outcomes.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
