{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224773776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","title":"One Health approach to Babesia and Bartonella species: occupational zoonotic infections in veterinary workers and their families","display_name":"One Health approach to Babesia and Bartonella species: occupational zoonotic infections in veterinary workers and their families","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224773776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42966012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161638509","display_name":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","issn_l":"0003-1488","issn":["0003-1488","1943-569X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322545313","host_organization_name":"American Veterinary Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322545313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Veterinary Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090247578","display_name":"Edward Bealmear Breitschwerdt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3506-0279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3506-0279","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-3720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward B. Breitschwerdt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3506-0279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008250154","display_name":"Ricardo Guillermo Maggi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-0138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-0138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo G. Maggi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-0138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160151668","display_name":"David Kaufman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kaufman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Complex Diseases, Mountain View, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Complex Diseases, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160175792","display_name":"Jaidyn Dillon-McBride","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3467-7394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3467-7394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaidyn Dillon-McBride","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3467-7394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099087571","display_name":"Emily Kingston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7871-7519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7871-7519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Kingston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7871-7519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85143306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":0.7002000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":0.7002000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12833","display_name":"Bartonella species infections research","score":0.29660001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11899","display_name":"Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-health","display_name":"One Health","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/babesia","display_name":"Babesia","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bartonella","display_name":"Bartonella","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borrelia","display_name":"Borrelia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoonoses","display_name":"zoonoses","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure","display_name":"occupational exposure","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veterinary-workers","display_name":"veterinary workers","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-members","display_name":"family members","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/babesia-odocoilei","display_name":"Babesia odocoilei","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/babesia-divergens","display_name":"Babesia divergens","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/babesia-gibsoni","display_name":"Babesia gibsoni","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/babesia-microti","display_name":"Babesia microti","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piroplasms","display_name":"piroplasms","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apicomplexa","display_name":"Apicomplexa","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-fatigue","display_name":"chronic fatigue","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-borne-pathogens","display_name":"vector-borne pathogens","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serology","display_name":"serology","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcr-detection","display_name":"PCR detection","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778256364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135006","display_name":"Bartonella","level":2,"score":0.8966000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780581805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797656","display_name":"Babesia","level":2,"score":0.8327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780508971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115528","display_name":"Borrelia","level":4,"score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778145968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797668","display_name":"Babesiosis","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778655176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809561","display_name":"Bartonellosis","level":5,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776455988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353172","display_name":"Protozoan infection","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776005033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184243","display_name":"Tick-borne disease","level":3,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951212","display_name":"Ixodes","level":3,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776353676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182672","display_name":"Zoonosis","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777553296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201989","display_name":"Lyme disease","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777535154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140599","display_name":"Bartonella henselae","level":4,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779620486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10304508","display_name":"Tick","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778576062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21175","display_name":"Ixodes ricinus","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2723634","display_name":"Borrelia burgdorferi","level":3,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190612196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180502","display_name":"Parasitology","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781462969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153950","display_name":"Hepatozoon","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909982947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282130","display_name":"Disease reservoir","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161638509","display_name":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","issn_l":"0003-1488","issn":["0003-1488","1943-569X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322545313","host_organization_name":"American Veterinary Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322545313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Veterinary Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42966012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42966012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161638509","display_name":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","issn_l":"0003-1488","issn":["0003-1488","1943-569X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322545313","host_organization_name":"American Veterinary Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322545313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Veterinary Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565252082","https://openalex.org/W1741452602","https://openalex.org/W1965140025","https://openalex.org/W1970297828","https://openalex.org/W1973702308","https://openalex.org/W1995967999","https://openalex.org/W2015114210","https://openalex.org/W2039907951","https://openalex.org/W2052409329","https://openalex.org/W2075467371","https://openalex.org/W2088713573","https://openalex.org/W2097643890","https://openalex.org/W2106362699","https://openalex.org/W2107356355","https://openalex.org/W2108083202","https://openalex.org/W2109283875","https://openalex.org/W2109300447","https://openalex.org/W2112436787","https://openalex.org/W2113800931","https://openalex.org/W2120895735","https://openalex.org/W2139015215","https://openalex.org/W2142129709","https://openalex.org/W2142446158","https://openalex.org/W2144297469","https://openalex.org/W2149435276","https://openalex.org/W2149813943","https://openalex.org/W2150191798","https://openalex.org/W2153342730","https://openalex.org/W2158037356","https://openalex.org/W2161785153","https://openalex.org/W2345423588","https://openalex.org/W2346737425","https://openalex.org/W2594852288","https://openalex.org/W2609080555","https://openalex.org/W2735358344","https://openalex.org/W2767667295","https://openalex.org/W2794439023","https://openalex.org/W2892011211","https://openalex.org/W2921906874","https://openalex.org/W2937960472","https://openalex.org/W3048714963","https://openalex.org/W3212578584","https://openalex.org/W4220961543","https://openalex.org/W4321748706","https://openalex.org/W4377198097","https://openalex.org/W4378172017","https://openalex.org/W4380870678","https://openalex.org/W4384824650","https://openalex.org/W4389222704","https://openalex.org/W4391443787","https://openalex.org/W4396584896","https://openalex.org/W4400525672","https://openalex.org/W4401409338","https://openalex.org/W4401635730","https://openalex.org/W4403145553","https://openalex.org/W4404792300","https://openalex.org/W4405283081","https://openalex.org/W4406767419","https://openalex.org/W4408218045","https://openalex.org/W4408345465","https://openalex.org/W4415313086","https://openalex.org/W4415481827","https://openalex.org/W4415512975","https://openalex.org/W4416917958","https://openalex.org/W4417496127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107356355","https://openalex.org/W2767667295","https://openalex.org/W6921293907","https://openalex.org/W6940036707","https://openalex.org/W4296374976","https://openalex.org/W4380870678","https://openalex.org/W3009286853","https://openalex.org/W4390363957","https://openalex.org/W2079429391","https://openalex.org/W2997051977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,59],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,58,71,184,187],"presence":[4],"of":[5,35,42,57,73,186,189],"Babesia,":[6,43],"Bartonella,":[7,44],"and":[8,20,39,45,67,76,115,170,204,236],"Borrelia":[9,46,135,148],"spp":[10,37,47,114,203],"infection":[11,48,79,200],"in":[12,26,93,122,143,224],"an":[13,27],"extended":[14,161],"veterinary":[15,162,171,192,225],"family.":[16],"Between":[17],"May":[18],"2023":[19],"August":[21],"2025,":[22],"8":[23],"individuals":[24,98,106,117,130],"enrolled":[25],"Institutional":[28],"Review":[29],"Board-approved":[30],"observational":[31],"study.":[32],"Serological":[33],"evidence":[34,41],"Bartonella":[36,113,119,181],"exposure":[38,179],"molecular":[40],"were":[49,99,107,118,155],"assessed.":[50],"Among":[51],"other":[52,97,206],"symptoms,":[53],"at":[54,132,176,197],"least":[55,133],"half":[56],"participants":[60],"reported":[61],"chronic":[62,212],"fatigue,":[63],"headaches,":[64],"anxiety,":[65],"depression,":[66],"difficulty":[68],"remembering.":[69],"On":[70,183],"basis":[72,185],"PCR":[74,100,120,150],"amplification":[75],"DNA":[77,153],"sequencing,":[78],"with":[80,201,217],"Babesia":[81,83,86,89,202],"odocoilei,":[82],"divergens-like":[84],"MO-1,":[85],"gibsoni,":[87],"or":[88,111,125,214],"microti":[90],"was":[91],"confirmed":[92],"4":[94],"individuals.":[95],"Three":[96],"positive":[101,121],"for":[102,178,199],"Piroplasmida/Apicomplexa":[103,207],"DNA.":[104],"Four":[105],"seroreactive":[108],"to":[109,146,159,180,221],"1":[110,134],"more":[112],"6":[116],"blood,":[123],"serum,":[124],"enrichment":[126],"blood":[127],"cultures.":[128],"Six":[129],"had":[131],"partition":[136],"detected":[137],"by":[138,152],"digital":[139,149],"PCR;":[140],"however,":[141],"efforts":[142],"our":[144],"laboratory":[145],"confirm":[147],"positivity":[151],"sequencing":[154],"not":[156],"successful.":[157],"Similar":[158],"this":[160,190],"family,":[163],"previous":[164],"studies":[165],"have":[166],"documented":[167],"that":[168,211],"veterinarians":[169],"workers":[172,193,226],"may":[173,194],"be":[174,196],"occupationally":[175],"risk":[177,198],"spp.":[182],"results":[188],"study,":[191],"also":[195],"potentially":[205],"organisms.":[208],"The":[209],"potential":[210],"intravascular":[213],"endotheliotropic":[215],"infections":[216],"vector-borne":[218],"pathogens":[219],"contributes":[220],"multisystem":[222],"illnesses":[223],"deserves":[227],"future":[228],"research":[229],"considerations,":[230],"which,":[231],"on":[232],"a":[233],"clinical,":[234],"epidemiological,":[235],"microbiological":[237],"basis,":[238],"will":[239],"require":[240],"sequential":[241],"lifetime":[242],"studies.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}