{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224767740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","title":"Disease management shapes genotype-by-environment interactions in European winter wheat","display_name":"Disease management shapes genotype-by-environment interactions in European winter wheat","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224767740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11073285/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11073285/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143833117","display_name":"Anika Unger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anika Unger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143776084","display_name":"Andris Justin Finkbeiner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andris Justin Finkbeiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080820499","display_name":"Rod John Snowdon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-7616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-7616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rod John Snowdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063749085","display_name":"Sven Ernst Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4181-9074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4181-9074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Ernst Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10733","display_name":"Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winter-wheat","display_name":"winter wheat","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-management","display_name":"disease management","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungicide-use","display_name":"fungicide application","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marker-effects","display_name":"marker effects","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-variables","display_name":"environmental variables","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature","display_name":"temperature","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"precipitation","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-breeding","display_name":"wheat breeding","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-stability","display_name":"environmental stability","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.7475000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018661444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6977574","display_name":"Winter wheat","level":2,"score":0.554099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130947863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533121","display_name":"Gene\u2013environment interaction","level":4,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.4787999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.4496000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74600772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193237","display_name":"Fungicide","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16012445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501135","display_name":"Mixed model","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C855514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869","display_name":"Interaction","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46757340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43238","display_name":"Poaceae","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983635469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144359","display_name":"Environmental effect","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018076075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Variance components","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155015343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788558","display_name":"Plant breeding","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138528620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2510752","display_name":"Explained variation","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11073285/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11073285/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11073285/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224767740.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224767740.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136783725","https://openalex.org/W1972041480","https://openalex.org/W1979702457","https://openalex.org/W1979982458","https://openalex.org/W1986037157","https://openalex.org/W1997177578","https://openalex.org/W2000084758","https://openalex.org/W2018152514","https://openalex.org/W2030126026","https://openalex.org/W2047769598","https://openalex.org/W2067617006","https://openalex.org/W2067715889","https://openalex.org/W2082246284","https://openalex.org/W2094984124","https://openalex.org/W2105642394","https://openalex.org/W2114185778","https://openalex.org/W2129113310","https://openalex.org/W2138345444","https://openalex.org/W2144119471","https://openalex.org/W2151391832","https://openalex.org/W2165164371","https://openalex.org/W2222815657","https://openalex.org/W2326982326","https://openalex.org/W2884403628","https://openalex.org/W2952113787","https://openalex.org/W2953086741","https://openalex.org/W2954577473","https://openalex.org/W2974109740","https://openalex.org/W2981814471","https://openalex.org/W3005063235","https://openalex.org/W3074899117","https://openalex.org/W3109736249","https://openalex.org/W3137379633","https://openalex.org/W3197094686","https://openalex.org/W4294794256","https://openalex.org/W4304689638","https://openalex.org/W4321454535","https://openalex.org/W4386460953","https://openalex.org/W4406362289","https://openalex.org/W4413984065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6991926784","https://openalex.org/W2135722176","https://openalex.org/W2047769598","https://openalex.org/W2067090976","https://openalex.org/W4200531759","https://openalex.org/W2003946666","https://openalex.org/W4238182746","https://openalex.org/W4407382913","https://openalex.org/W4211266163","https://openalex.org/W4413984065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Genotype-by-environment":[1],"interactions":[2],"(GEI)":[3],"remain":[4],"a":[5,90],"major":[6],"challenge":[7],"for":[8,62,151],"plant":[9],"breeding,":[10],"limiting":[11],"accurate":[12],"prediction":[13,210],"across":[14,48,84,214],"target":[15],"populations":[16],"of":[17,40,142,153,200,211],"environments":[18,50],"(TPE).":[19],"To":[20],"determine":[21],"how":[22,191],"GEI":[23,126,145,203,228],"are":[24],"influenced":[25],"by":[26],"contrasting":[27,54],"crop":[28],"management,":[29],"we":[30],"analysed":[31],"227":[32],"winter":[33,231],"wheat":[34],"genotypes":[35,44],"representing":[36],"over":[37,180],"50":[38],"years":[39],"European":[41,230],"breeding.":[42],"The":[43,136,195],"were":[45,65,106,121],"previously":[46],"evaluated":[47],"25":[49],"in":[51,103,109,184,229],"Germany":[52],"under":[53],"fungicide":[55,96],"and":[56,112,133,223],"nitrogen":[57,98],"treatments.":[58],"Genome-wide":[59],"marker":[60,80],"effects":[61,81],"grain":[63],"yield":[64],"assessed":[66],"using":[67],"genotype":[68,173,212],"data":[69],"from":[70],"genome-wide":[71],"single-nucleotide":[72],"polymorphism":[73],"(SNP)":[74],"markers.":[75],"Across":[76],"environments,":[77],"correlations":[78,105],"between":[79],"remained":[82],"high":[83],"treatments":[85,225],"(r":[86],"=":[87],"0.71\u20130.94),":[88],"indicating":[89],"stable":[91],"genetic":[92],"basis":[93],"despite":[94],"stronger":[95],"than":[97],"treatment":[99],"effects.":[100],"Localized":[101],"reductions":[102],"marker-effect":[104],"primarily":[107],"observed":[108,202],"the":[110,143,159,163,201],"A":[111],"D":[113],"subgenomes.":[114],"Subsequently,":[115],"integrated":[116],"factor":[117],"analytic":[118],"models":[119],"(IFA)":[120],"used":[122],"to":[123,204,227],"partition":[124],"additive":[125,144],"into":[127],"components":[128],"associated":[129],"with":[130,162,177],"environmental":[131,148,185,206,221],"covariates":[132,149,157,207],"latent":[134,164],"factors.":[135],"selected":[137],"IFA4":[138,196],"model":[139,197],"captured":[140],"91.5%":[141],"variance.":[146,155],"Measured":[147],"accounted":[150],"10.3%":[152],"this":[154],"Temperature-related":[156],"showed":[158],"strongest":[160],"associations":[161],"factors,":[165],"while":[166,208],"precipitation":[167],"explained":[168],"comparatively":[169],"little":[170],"variation.":[171],"While":[172],"performance":[174,213],"generally":[175],"improved":[176],"breeding":[178,188],"progress":[179],"time,":[181],"temporal":[182],"trends":[183],"stability":[186,192],"through":[187],"depended":[189],"on":[190],"was":[193],"quantified.":[194],"linked":[198],"part":[199],"measured":[205],"enabling":[209],"environments.":[215],"Our":[216],"results":[217],"show":[218],"that":[219],"both":[220],"conditions":[222],"management":[224],"contribute":[226],"wheat.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}
