{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224763536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773926100769","title":"How Europeans view and evaluate democracy at the European level","display_name":"How Europeans view and evaluate democracy at the European level","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224763536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773926100769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1755773926100769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773926100769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773926100769","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6AFC13F2956AFC39ACBEF908FD6B7F39/S1755773926100769a.pdf/div-class-title-how-europeans-view-and-evaluate-democracy-at-the-european-level-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202288906","display_name":"European Political Science Review","issn_l":"1755-7739","issn":["1755-7739","1755-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6AFC13F2956AFC39ACBEF908FD6B7F39/S1755773926100769a.pdf/div-class-title-how-europeans-view-and-evaluate-democracy-at-the-european-level-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034008934","display_name":"Hanspeter Kriesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-8960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-8960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanspeter Kriesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-8960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053735765","display_name":"Ben Crum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4330-295X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4330-295X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Crum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4330-295X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074374964","display_name":"Chendi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6422-9910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6422-9910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chendi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6422-9910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034008934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95487752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union-democracy","display_name":"EU democracy","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion-on-democracy","display_name":"public opinion on democracy","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euroscepticism","display_name":"Euroscepticism","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-eu-institutions","display_name":"trust in EU institutions","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-democracy","display_name":"national democracy","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-integration","display_name":"European integration","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.9257000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.7529000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6421999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501008422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171174","display_name":"Direct democracy","level":4,"score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5103999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111439079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192125","display_name":"Liberal democracy","level":4,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171368058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188759","display_name":"Representative democracy","level":4,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186065","display_name":"Democratic deficit","level":4,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992346504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democratic theory","level":4,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779850767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855175","display_name":"E-democracy","level":4,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1755773926100769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773926100769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773926100769","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6AFC13F2956AFC39ACBEF908FD6B7F39/S1755773926100769a.pdf/div-class-title-how-europeans-view-and-evaluate-democracy-at-the-european-level-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202288906","display_name":"European Political Science Review","issn_l":"1755-7739","issn":["1755-7739","1755-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1755773926100769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773926100769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773926100769","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6AFC13F2956AFC39ACBEF908FD6B7F39/S1755773926100769a.pdf/div-class-title-how-europeans-view-and-evaluate-democracy-at-the-european-level-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202288906","display_name":"European Political Science Review","issn_l":"1755-7739","issn":["1755-7739","1755-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224763536.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224763536.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509966612","https://openalex.org/W1866419069","https://openalex.org/W1968398070","https://openalex.org/W1990999805","https://openalex.org/W2009000962","https://openalex.org/W2079063154","https://openalex.org/W2094598749","https://openalex.org/W2098146914","https://openalex.org/W2115992286","https://openalex.org/W2133462484","https://openalex.org/W2135536757","https://openalex.org/W2148221872","https://openalex.org/W2149364654","https://openalex.org/W2159537958","https://openalex.org/W2196694199","https://openalex.org/W2292624764","https://openalex.org/W2311900980","https://openalex.org/W2336866063","https://openalex.org/W2340388451","https://openalex.org/W2461100966","https://openalex.org/W2793600382","https://openalex.org/W2900299993","https://openalex.org/W2942109833","https://openalex.org/W2972062751","https://openalex.org/W3096404158","https://openalex.org/W3134297020","https://openalex.org/W3159451357","https://openalex.org/W3193582690","https://openalex.org/W4230488817","https://openalex.org/W4237191799","https://openalex.org/W4243911348","https://openalex.org/W4254075082","https://openalex.org/W4298547684","https://openalex.org/W4302608484","https://openalex.org/W4409558299","https://openalex.org/W4409558454","https://openalex.org/W4409558551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213536820","https://openalex.org/W2570219600","https://openalex.org/W7010320526","https://openalex.org/W2483215469","https://openalex.org/W2129312936","https://openalex.org/W7095882095","https://openalex.org/W3165491304","https://openalex.org/W4409558551","https://openalex.org/W2150401864","https://openalex.org/W48152127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"exploratory":[2],"study":[3],"asks":[4],"how":[5,11,16,136,144],"Europeans":[6,131],"view":[7],"EU":[8,17,35,73,105,113,117,127,141],"democracy":[9,18,32,74,83,99,106,137],"and":[10,49,58,67,100,115,124],"satisfied":[12,103],"they":[13,145],"are":[14,101],"with":[15,63,104,126],"works.":[19],"Roughly":[20],"one-fifth":[21],"of":[22,41,88],"them":[23,89],"do":[24],"not":[25],"appear":[26],"to":[27,91,148],"have":[28,132],"any":[29],"idea":[30],"about":[31,135,143],"at":[33,111],"the":[34,53,56,60,68,112,140],"level.":[36],"We":[37],"create":[38],"a":[39],"typology":[40],"European":[42],"democrats":[43],"distinguishing":[44],"between":[45],"allegiant,":[46],"delegative,":[47],"assertive,":[48],"disaffected":[50],"democrats,":[51],"show":[52],"distribution":[54],"over":[55],"types,":[57],"analyze":[59],"factors":[61],"associated":[62],"its":[64],"two":[65],"dimensions":[66],"types.":[69],"Citizens\u2019":[70],"opinions":[71],"on":[72,81],"deviate":[75],"most":[76,119],"notably":[77],"from":[78],"their":[79],"views":[80],"national":[82],"in":[84,139],"that":[85],"much":[86],"fewer":[87],"want":[90,146],"expand":[92],"it.":[93],"As":[94],"expected,":[95],"pro-Europeans":[96],"demand":[97,122],"more":[98,102],"than":[107,142],"Euroskeptics.":[108],"Feeling":[109],"represented":[110],"level":[114],"trusting":[116],"institutions":[118],"strongly":[120],"enhances":[121],"for":[123],"satisfaction":[125],"democracy.":[128],"In":[129],"general,":[130],"clearer":[133],"ideas":[134],"works":[138],"it":[147],"work.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-31T00:00:00"}