{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224688536","doi":null,"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FACILITATED COMMUNICATION (FC) PROGRAM ON THE QUALITY OF TEACHING AND COMMUNICATION OF TEACHERS FOR AUTISM THERAPISTS","display_name":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FACILITATED COMMUNICATION (FC) PROGRAM ON THE QUALITY OF TEACHING AND COMMUNICATION OF TEACHERS FOR AUTISM THERAPISTS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224688536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pcijournal.org:article/1694","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pcijournal.org/index.php/ijcss/article/view/1694","pdf_url":"https://pcijournal.org/index.php/ijcss/article/download/1694/1199","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404664197","display_name":"International Journal of Cultural and Social Science.","issn_l":"2798-5156","issn":["2798-5156","2798-5377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2798-5377","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pcijournal.org/index.php/ijcss/article/download/1694/1199","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160079449","display_name":"Shivale Supriya Popat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146508","display_name":"Medan Area University","ror":"https://ror.org/046581250","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivale Supriya Popat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master of Psychology Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master of Psychology Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086243864","display_name":"Risydah Fadilah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-0196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-0196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146508","display_name":"Medan Area University","ror":"https://ror.org/046581250","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risydah Fadilah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master of Psychology Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master of Psychology Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159259344","display_name":"Yudistira Fauzy Indrawan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146508","display_name":"Medan Area University","ror":"https://ror.org/046581250","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudistira Fauzy Indrawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master of Psychology Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master of Psychology Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90138441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.49390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.49390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.25119999051094055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.12380000203847885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facilitated-communication","display_name":"facilitated communication","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapist-training","display_name":"therapist training","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-competence","display_name":"teacher competence","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-quality","display_name":"communication quality","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-children","display_name":"nonverbal children","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogical-competence","display_name":"pedagogical competence","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"empathy","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-treatment","display_name":"autism treatment","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150166","display_name":"Facilitator","level":2,"score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6730999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.6478999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.6391000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5278000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983704927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Social communication","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781083","display_name":"Augmentative and alternative communication","level":2,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988115150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication skills","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44871818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154139","display_name":"Communication in small groups","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pcijournal.org:article/1694","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pcijournal.org/index.php/ijcss/article/view/1694","pdf_url":"https://pcijournal.org/index.php/ijcss/article/download/1694/1199","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404664197","display_name":"International Journal of Cultural and Social Science.","issn_l":"2798-5156","issn":["2798-5156","2798-5377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2798-5377","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pcijournal.org:article/1694","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pcijournal.org/index.php/ijcss/article/view/1694","pdf_url":"https://pcijournal.org/index.php/ijcss/article/download/1694/1199","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404664197","display_name":"International Journal of Cultural and Social Science.","issn_l":"2798-5156","issn":["2798-5156","2798-5377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2798-5377","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224688536.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224688536.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978549082","https://openalex.org/W2010059536","https://openalex.org/W1991033964","https://openalex.org/W2078491318","https://openalex.org/W4220737462","https://openalex.org/W7135020853","https://openalex.org/W1532848515","https://openalex.org/W2097904193","https://openalex.org/W2792858485","https://openalex.org/W2065737316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individuals":[0],"with":[1,92,94,113],"Autism":[2],"Spectrum":[3],"Disorder":[4],"(ASD),":[5],"particularly":[6],"those":[7,112,123],"who":[8],"are":[9],"nonverbal":[10],"or":[11,56,63,67],"have":[12],"limited":[13],"verbal":[14],"ability,":[15],"experience":[16,116,126,289],"substantial":[17],"communication":[18,42,71,88,162,193,243,280],"barriers":[19,35],"that":[20,191,218,226,269],"affect":[21],"their":[22],"participation":[23],"in":[24,44,146,215],"educational":[25],"and":[26,87,122,157,160,171,183,203,240,263,279],"social":[27],"environments.":[28],"One":[29],"intervention":[30],"used":[31],"to":[32,51,62,198,210,275],"address":[33],"these":[34],"is":[36],"Facilitated":[37],"Communication":[38],"(FC),":[39],"an":[40,52,79],"facilitated":[41],"technique":[43],"which":[45],"a":[46,70,136,161,250],"facilitator":[47],"provides":[48],"physical":[49],"support":[50],"individual's":[53],"hand,":[54],"wrist,":[55],"arm":[57],"while":[58],"the":[59,76,84,142,166,179,184,216,227,246,257,277],"individual":[60],"points":[61],"types":[64],"letters,":[65],"words,":[66],"symbols":[68],"on":[69,83,141,235,253],"device.":[72],"This":[73],"study":[74],"examined":[75],"effect":[77],"of":[78,89,110,152,256,282],"FC":[80,115,125,220,271],"training":[81,272],"program":[82],"teaching":[85,288],"quality":[86,281],"therapists":[90],"working":[91],"children":[93],"ASD":[95],"at":[96],"Yakita":[97],"School,":[98],"Medan.":[99],"A":[100],"quasi-experimental":[101],"two-group":[102],"pretest-posttest":[103],"design":[104],"was":[105],"used,":[106],"involving":[107],"two":[108],"groups":[109],"therapists:":[111],"prior":[114],"(experimental":[117],"group,":[118,128],"n":[119,129],"=":[120,130],"4)":[121],"without":[124],"(control":[127],"4).":[131],"Data":[132,175],"were":[133,176],"collected":[134],"using":[135,178],"teacher/therapist":[137],"competency":[138,205,238,278],"questionnaire,":[139],"based":[140],"four":[143,237],"teacher-competency":[144],"domains":[145],"Indonesian":[147],"Ministerial":[148],"Regulation":[149],"No.":[150],"16":[151],"2007":[153],"(pedagogical,":[154],"professional,":[155],"social,":[156],"personality":[158],"competence),":[159],"questionnaire":[163],"built":[164],"around":[165],"Respect,":[167],"Empathy,":[168],"Audible,":[169],"Clarity,":[170],"Humble":[172],"(REACH)":[173],"principles.":[174],"analyzed":[177],"Shapiro-Wilk":[180],"normality":[181],"test":[182],"Paired":[185],"Sample":[186],"t-Test.":[187],"Descriptive":[188],"analysis":[189],"showed":[190,225,249],"mean":[192,204],"scores":[194,206],"increased":[195,207],"from":[196,208],"144.50":[197],"174.80":[199],"(a":[200,212],"20.97%":[201],"increase),":[202],"192.30":[209],"230.00":[211],"19.60%":[213],"increase)":[214],"group":[217,229,248],"received":[219],"training.":[221],"The":[222],"paired-sample":[223],"t-test":[224],"experimental":[228],"improved":[230],"significantly":[231],"(p":[232],"<":[233],".05)":[234],"all":[236,241],"dimensions":[239],"five":[242],"dimensions,":[244],"whereas":[245],"control":[247],"significant":[251],"improvement":[252],"only":[254],"three":[255],"eleven":[258],"variables":[259],"(personality":[260],"competence,":[261],"empathy,":[262],"overall":[264],"competence).":[265],"These":[266],"findings":[267],"indicate":[268],"structured":[270],"contributes":[273],"meaningfully":[274],"improving":[276],"autism":[283],"therapists,":[284],"beyond":[285],"what":[286],"routine":[287],"alone":[290],"produces.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}