{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224656501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61308/hxpv3414","title":"Effect of farmer\u2019s age and level of education on the degree of adoption of precision technologies in sheep farms","display_name":"Effect of farmer\u2019s age and level of education on the degree of adoption of precision technologies in sheep farms","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224656501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61308/hxpv3414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.61308/hxpv3414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61308/hxpv3414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61308/hxpv3414","pdf_url":"https://agriacad.eu/ojs/index.php/bjah/article/download/7321/5978","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306535900","display_name":"Zhivotnov\"dni Nauki","issn_l":"0514-7441","issn":["0514-7441","2534-9856"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulgarian Journal of Animal Husbandry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://agriacad.eu/ojs/index.php/bjah/article/download/7321/5978","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120249037","display_name":"Emil Mitev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1472-639X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1472-639X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163436","display_name":"Agricultural Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/05cka2t18","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Mitev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture \u2013 Stara Zagora, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1472-639X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture \u2013 Stara Zagora, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057724025","display_name":"Yovka Popova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-7425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-7425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163436","display_name":"Agricultural Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/05cka2t18","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yovka Popova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture \u2013 Stara Zagora, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-7425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture \u2013 Stara Zagora, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076434821","display_name":"Stayka Laleva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6920-4525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6920-4525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163436","display_name":"Agricultural Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/05cka2t18","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stayka Laleva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture \u2013 Stara Zagora, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6920-4525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture \u2013 Stara Zagora, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053055449","display_name":"Neli Miteva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2410-6798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2410-6798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163436","display_name":"Agricultural Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/05cka2t18","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalya Miteva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture \u2013 Stara Zagora, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2410-6798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture \u2013 Stara Zagora, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090528009","display_name":"\u010cedomir Radovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1800-2448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1800-2448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138792","display_name":"Institute for Animal Husbandry","ror":"https://ror.org/047wscg41","country_code":"RS","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138792"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u010cedomir Radovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Animal Husbandry, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1800-2448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Animal Husbandry, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031102522","display_name":"Nikola Pacinovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5431-0181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5431-0181"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Pacinovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Animal and Fishery Science \u2013 Skopje, \u201cSs Cyril and Methodius University\u201d, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5431-0181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Animal and Fishery Science \u2013 Skopje, \u201cSs Cyril and Methodius University\u201d, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89105892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"5","first_page":"11","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.888700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.888700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.07729999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12662","display_name":"Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-livestock-farming","display_name":"precision livestock farming","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sheep-production","display_name":"sheep farming","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-age","display_name":"farmer age","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-education","display_name":"farmer education","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-adoption","display_name":"technology adoption","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-readiness","display_name":"digital readiness","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-behavior","display_name":"information behavior","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-innovation","display_name":"barriers to innovation","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-literacy","display_name":"digital literacy","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-aging","display_name":"farmer aging","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019477493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790941","display_name":"Sheep farming","level":3,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.47679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777646416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242069","display_name":"Digital literacy","level":2,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994273942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy rate","level":3,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985709905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319035","display_name":"Adult literacy","level":3,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1670747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396622","display_name":"Agribusiness","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017614220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8434","display_name":"Formal education","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192531217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595868","display_name":"Computer literacy","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.61308/hxpv3414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61308/hxpv3414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61308/hxpv3414","pdf_url":"https://agriacad.eu/ojs/index.php/bjah/article/download/7321/5978","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306535900","display_name":"Zhivotnov\"dni Nauki","issn_l":"0514-7441","issn":["0514-7441","2534-9856"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulgarian Journal of Animal Husbandry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.agriacad.eu:article/7321","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://agriacad.eu/ojs/index.php/bjah/article/view/7321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306535900","display_name":"Zhivotnov\"dni Nauki","issn_l":"0514-7441","issn":["0514-7441","2534-9856"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0514-7441","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:beeafd6a161340c88e796b3314aac8b4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/beeafd6a161340c88e796b3314aac8b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0416\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044a\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438, Vol 63, Iss 5 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.61308/hxpv3414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61308/hxpv3414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61308/hxpv3414","pdf_url":"https://agriacad.eu/ojs/index.php/bjah/article/download/7321/5978","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306535900","display_name":"Zhivotnov\"dni Nauki","issn_l":"0514-7441","issn":["0514-7441","2534-9856"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulgarian Journal of Animal Husbandry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.958299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224656501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224656501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1190907381","https://openalex.org/W2143393330","https://openalex.org/W2229515168","https://openalex.org/W2562704941","https://openalex.org/W2620078424","https://openalex.org/W2781689834","https://openalex.org/W2906091250","https://openalex.org/W2936367600","https://openalex.org/W2956514846","https://openalex.org/W3004049925","https://openalex.org/W3015979076","https://openalex.org/W3023891905","https://openalex.org/W3024547928","https://openalex.org/W3046751418","https://openalex.org/W3113658528","https://openalex.org/W3134229650","https://openalex.org/W3164033928","https://openalex.org/W3170539735","https://openalex.org/W3180162433","https://openalex.org/W3186091067","https://openalex.org/W3202839061","https://openalex.org/W3207098031","https://openalex.org/W3217681428","https://openalex.org/W4200560807","https://openalex.org/W4205464711","https://openalex.org/W4285505749","https://openalex.org/W4291146666","https://openalex.org/W4295214756","https://openalex.org/W4307106822","https://openalex.org/W4313229649","https://openalex.org/W4322097617","https://openalex.org/W4363678842","https://openalex.org/W4381298242","https://openalex.org/W4381803892","https://openalex.org/W4388187944","https://openalex.org/W4390581632","https://openalex.org/W4391953123","https://openalex.org/W4391998693","https://openalex.org/W4393417450","https://openalex.org/W4404460877","https://openalex.org/W4405113405","https://openalex.org/W4409735493","https://openalex.org/W4410511822","https://openalex.org/W4410874037","https://openalex.org/W4413833112","https://openalex.org/W7131855126","https://openalex.org/W7154509357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411699250","https://openalex.org/W4303579711","https://openalex.org/W7203634122","https://openalex.org/W7131835846","https://openalex.org/W3216916841","https://openalex.org/W2466136523","https://openalex.org/W6961134279","https://openalex.org/W6905477371","https://openalex.org/W7154102235","https://openalex.org/W2214226902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,11,23,39,60],"impact":[4],"of":[5,16,38,63,123],"age":[6],"and":[7,13,65,79,100,146,159,164],"education":[8,83],"level":[9],"on":[10,115],"awareness":[12,64],"information":[14,33,91],"behavior":[15,67],"270":[17],"sheep":[18],"farmers":[19,72,95],"in":[20,56,125,153],"Bulgaria":[21],"during":[22],"2024":[24],"-":[25,59,156],"2025":[26],"period.":[27],"The":[28],"results":[29],"demonstrate":[30],"a":[31,53,120,138],"significant":[32],"gap,":[34],"as":[35,52],"nearly":[36],"49%":[37],"respondents":[40],"are":[41,68,108,150],"unfamiliar":[42,109],"with":[43,81,102,110],"precision":[44],"livestock":[45],"farming":[46],"(PLF)":[47],"technologies.":[48],"Demographic":[49],"indicators":[50],"emerge":[51],"leading":[54],"factor":[55],"digital":[57,166],"readiness":[58],"highest":[61],"levels":[62],"active":[66],"observed":[69,152],"among":[70,94],"young":[71],"under":[73],"40":[74],"years":[75,98],"old":[76,99],"(46":[77],"%)":[78],"those":[80,101],"higher":[82],"(61.29":[84],"%),":[85],"who":[86],"combine":[87],"three":[88],"or":[89,118],"more":[90],"sources.":[92],"Conversely,":[93],"over":[96,105],"61":[97],"primary":[103],"education,":[104],"54":[106],"%":[107],"these":[111],"technologies,":[112],"relying":[113],"only":[114],"traditional":[116],"channels":[117],"showing":[119],"complete":[121],"lack":[122],"interest":[124],"innovation.":[126],"Bridging":[127],"this":[128],"gap":[129],"requires":[130],"targeted":[131],"training":[132],"strategies":[133],"to":[134,148],"turn":[135],"technology":[136],"into":[137],"tool":[139],"for":[140],"economic":[141],"sustainability.":[142],"Similar":[143],"demographic":[144],"trends":[145],"barriers":[147],"innovation":[149],"also":[151],"neighboring":[154],"countries":[155],"Serbia,":[157],"Romania,":[158],"Turkey,":[160],"where":[161],"farmer":[162],"aging":[163],"low":[165],"literacy":[167],"remain":[168],"common":[169],"regional":[170],"challenges.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}