{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224639467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4196","title":"FGFR Alterations in Bladder Cancer\u2014From Molecular Pathogenesis to Precision Oncology","display_name":"FGFR Alterations in Bladder Cancer\u2014From Molecular Pathogenesis to Precision Oncology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224639467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4196","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42955008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2756165422","display_name":"JAMA Oncology","issn_l":"2374-2437","issn":["2374-2437","2374-2445"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031964464","display_name":"Katrina Collins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrina Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160096971","display_name":"Liang Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island","Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island","Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown University Health, Providence, Rhode Island"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown University Health, Providence, Rhode Island","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8799966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12287","display_name":"Fibroblast Growth Factor Research","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11287","display_name":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgfr-alterations","display_name":"FGFR alterations","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgfr3-mutation","display_name":"FGFR3 mutation","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgfr2-fusion","display_name":"FGFR2 fusion","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urothelial-carcinoma","display_name":"urothelial carcinoma","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-cancer","display_name":"bladder cancer","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-oncology","display_name":"precision oncology","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgfr-inhibitors","display_name":"FGFR inhibitors","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-biopsy","display_name":"liquid biopsy","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circulating-tumor-dna","display_name":"circulating tumor DNA","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-residual-disease","display_name":"molecular residual disease","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-omics-biomarkers","display_name":"multi-omics biomarkers","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-classification","display_name":"molecular classification","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-therapy","display_name":"targeted therapy","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82867764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24780051","display_name":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor","level":4,"score":0.8604999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.602400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020497934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision oncology","level":3,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74373430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24727126","display_name":"Fibroblast growth factor","level":3,"score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504775","display_name":"Bladder cancer","level":3,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781230642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492646","display_name":"Targeted therapy","level":3,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777362581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10881532","display_name":"Molecular oncology","level":4,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33525","display_name":"Carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74092355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056943","display_name":"Molecular pathology","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63363279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133848","display_name":"Clinical significance","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019882237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2501186","display_name":"Urothelial carcinoma","level":4,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018605307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200779","display_name":"Complex disease","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147708747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914358","display_name":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3","level":4,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179185449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219699","display_name":"Suppressor","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2756165422","display_name":"JAMA Oncology","issn_l":"2374-2437","issn":["2374-2437","2374-2445"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42955008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42955008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2467961502","https://openalex.org/W2566575334","https://openalex.org/W2588442711","https://openalex.org/W2763670669","https://openalex.org/W2805915033","https://openalex.org/W2897134528","https://openalex.org/W2964014383","https://openalex.org/W3092319656","https://openalex.org/W3112559569","https://openalex.org/W3136366104","https://openalex.org/W3158883948","https://openalex.org/W3165477422","https://openalex.org/W3186228217","https://openalex.org/W3203250230","https://openalex.org/W3207189472","https://openalex.org/W4304128322","https://openalex.org/W4306249353","https://openalex.org/W4310117868","https://openalex.org/W4322487704","https://openalex.org/W4360951491","https://openalex.org/W4385514441","https://openalex.org/W4385850366","https://openalex.org/W4386529928","https://openalex.org/W4387329500","https://openalex.org/W4387661783","https://openalex.org/W4387847725","https://openalex.org/W4387849835","https://openalex.org/W4388540371","https://openalex.org/W4388793879","https://openalex.org/W4391744412","https://openalex.org/W4392284056","https://openalex.org/W4394687457","https://openalex.org/W4396605818","https://openalex.org/W4396671268","https://openalex.org/W4402974541","https://openalex.org/W4405894750","https://openalex.org/W4407186760","https://openalex.org/W4407954066","https://openalex.org/W4408239431","https://openalex.org/W4410878790","https://openalex.org/W4412891612","https://openalex.org/W4412954506","https://openalex.org/W4413326362","https://openalex.org/W4414095781","https://openalex.org/W4414905262","https://openalex.org/W4415169262","https://openalex.org/W4415269250","https://openalex.org/W4415724773","https://openalex.org/W4416758517","https://openalex.org/W4417321448","https://openalex.org/W4417538575","https://openalex.org/W7124424960","https://openalex.org/W7128403543","https://openalex.org/W7131800869","https://openalex.org/W7133212530","https://openalex.org/W7133237592","https://openalex.org/W7164379438","https://openalex.org/W7202253337","https://openalex.org/W7214954652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7196926828","https://openalex.org/W2419658943","https://openalex.org/W2982363506","https://openalex.org/W4410878790","https://openalex.org/W4407482347","https://openalex.org/W3032071485","https://openalex.org/W4402974541","https://openalex.org/W2031529121","https://openalex.org/W2886394260","https://openalex.org/W3136366104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Importance:":[0],"Alterations":[1],"in":[2,19,60,97,155],"the":[3,14,49,145],"fibroblast":[4],"growth":[5],"factor":[6],"receptor":[7],"(FGFR)":[8],"pathway,":[9],"particularly":[10],"FGFR3,":[11],"are":[12,65,93,166],"among":[13],"most":[15],"common":[16],"genomic":[17,77],"events":[18],"urothelial":[20],"carcinoma":[21],"(UC)":[22],"and":[23,53,73,88,102,114,127,137,148,162,185],"represent":[24],"a":[25,175],"cornerstone":[26],"of":[27,57,117,151],"precision":[28,149],"oncology.":[29],"Although":[30],"FGFR3":[31],"alterations":[32,59,64,140],"predominate,":[33],"selected":[34],"FGFR2":[35],"fusions":[36],"also":[37],"identify":[38],"patients":[39],"who":[40],"may":[41,131],"benefit":[42],"from":[43],"targeted":[44],"therapy.":[45],"This":[46,172],"review":[47,173],"summarizes":[48],"biology,":[50],"molecular":[51,86,89,146,156],"diagnostics,":[52,157],"evolving":[54],"clinical":[55,106,193],"applications":[56],"FGFR":[58,112,139,164,180],"UC.":[61,75,152],"Observations:":[62],"FGFR2/3":[63],"clinically":[66],"actionable":[67],"biomarkers":[68,181],"across":[69],"non-muscle-invasive,":[70],"muscle-invasive,":[71],"metastatic,":[72],"upper-tract":[74],"Comprehensive":[76],"profiling,":[78],"tissue":[79],"sequencing,":[80],"plasma":[81],"circulating":[82],"tumor":[83],"DNA,":[84],"urine-based":[85],"assays,":[87],"residual":[90],"disease":[91,103],"assessment":[92],"expanding":[94],"their":[95],"roles":[96],"diagnosis,":[98],"treatment":[99],"selection,":[100],"surveillance,":[101],"monitoring.":[104],"Recent":[105],"studies":[107],"support":[108],"combination":[109],"strategies,":[110],"next-generation":[111,163],"inhibitors,":[113],"earlier":[115],"use":[116],"FGFR-directed":[118],"therapy,":[119,161],"while":[120],"emerging":[121,187],"technologies,":[122],"including":[123],"artificial":[124],"intelligence-assisted":[125],"pathology":[126],"integrated":[128],"multi-omic":[129],"biomarkers,":[130],"further":[132,169],"improve":[133],"patient":[134],"selection.":[135],"Conclusions":[136],"Relevance:":[138],"have":[141],"become":[142],"integral":[143],"to":[144,168,190],"classification":[147],"management":[150,184],"Continued":[153],"advances":[154],"liquid":[158],"biopsy,":[159],"biomarker-guided":[160],"inhibitors":[165],"expected":[167],"personalize":[170],"care.":[171],"provides":[174],"practical":[176],"framework":[177],"for":[178],"integrating":[179],"into":[182],"contemporary":[183],"highlights":[186],"developments":[188],"likely":[189],"influence":[191],"future":[192],"practice.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}