{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224637683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069261496422","title":"Congruence and the Switch of Content and Function Words: A Typological Analysis on Southern Min/Mandarin Data","display_name":"Congruence and the Switch of Content and Function Words: A Typological Analysis on Southern Min/Mandarin Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224637683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069261496422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/13670069261496422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069261496422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069261496422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71689608","display_name":"International Journal of Bilingualism","issn_l":"1367-0069","issn":["1367-0069","1756-6878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Bilingualism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040975183","display_name":"Sung-Lan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8543-0074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8543-0074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192168892","display_name":"National University of Kaohsiung","ror":"https://ror.org/013zjb662","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Lan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Kaohsiung"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8543-0074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Kaohsiung","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160099940","display_name":"Li-Fen Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183570559","display_name":"National Chiayi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gknbs13","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183570559"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Fen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chiayi University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chiayi University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183570559"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040975183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94847968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.3774000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.3774000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14006","display_name":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","score":0.14499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.11710000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-switching","display_name":"code-switching","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-min","display_name":"Southern Min","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandarin-chinese","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-words","display_name":"content words","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function-words","display_name":"function words","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicalization","display_name":"lexicalization","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingual-speech","display_name":"bilingual speech","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132074034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154210","display_name":"Congruence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.8865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6116999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.6107000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29155451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3625450","display_name":"Syntagmatic analysis","level":2,"score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5178999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49876356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002651","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153578388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351625","display_name":"Theoretical linguistics","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550607084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410327","display_name":"Language contact","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80877019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7188074","display_name":"Phrase structure rules","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987567764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125421","display_name":"Second language","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/13670069261496422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069261496422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069261496422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71689608","display_name":"International Journal of Bilingualism","issn_l":"1367-0069","issn":["1367-0069","1756-6878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Bilingualism","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922615823","https://openalex.org/W1997011521","https://openalex.org/W2061165182","https://openalex.org/W2063323397","https://openalex.org/W2069194650","https://openalex.org/W2076225518","https://openalex.org/W2104746633","https://openalex.org/W2107957999","https://openalex.org/W2316542890","https://openalex.org/W4236479194","https://openalex.org/W4243387500","https://openalex.org/W4281688907","https://openalex.org/W4309848241","https://openalex.org/W4388122583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2741522669","https://openalex.org/W2521383311","https://openalex.org/W7065800505","https://openalex.org/W2736258417","https://openalex.org/W2102171636","https://openalex.org/W2063323397","https://openalex.org/W1922615823","https://openalex.org/W7037773552","https://openalex.org/W3171220258","https://openalex.org/W7215342047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aims:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,240],"aims":[3],"to":[4,39,101,127,223],"examine":[5,128],"the":[6,43,58,90,115,132,153,205,295],"relationship":[7,296],"between":[8,108,297],"congruence":[9,53,107,230,298],"and":[10,25,28,62,84,95,105,111,131,138,172,186,284,288,299],"code-switching":[11],"(CS)":[12],"based":[13,258],"on":[14,229,233,259],"CS":[15,67,129,146,167,206,216,278,300],"data":[16,141,212,262,279],"from":[17,263,280],"a":[18,96,143,166,242,290],"typologically":[19,48,234,243,264,282],"identical":[20,244],"language":[21,236,245,266,286],"pair":[22],"(i.e.,":[23],"Mandarin":[24],"Southern":[26,150,210],"Min)":[27],"three":[29,78],"research":[30],"questions:":[31],"(1)":[32],"What":[33],"grammatical":[34],"categories":[35],"are":[36,47,161],"more":[37,291],"likely":[38],"be":[40,196,224],"switched":[41],"when":[42],"two":[44,157],"participating":[45,117],"languages":[46,118],"identical?\u2019":[49],"(2)":[50],"\u2018Does":[51],"full":[52],"facilitate":[54],"CS?\u2019":[55],"(3)":[56],"\u2018Is":[57],"switch":[59],"of":[60,73,80,93,134,155,164,189,208,261,294],"content":[61],"function":[63],"words":[64],"determined":[65],"by":[66,77],"patterns?\u2019.":[68],"Methodology:":[69],"Approximately":[70],"50":[71],"hr":[72],"spontaneous":[74],"speech":[75],"produced":[76],"groups":[79],"subjects":[81],"were":[82,119,175,250,256],"recorded":[83],"analysed.":[85],"A":[86],"bilingual":[87],"clause":[88],"was":[89,99,125],"basic":[91],"unit":[92],"analysis,":[94],"linear":[97],"criterion":[98],"used":[100],"identify":[102],"switches.":[103],"Syntagmatic":[104],"paradigmatic":[106],"these":[109],"switches":[110,133],"their":[112,254],"equivalents":[113],"in":[114,148,162],"other":[116],"examined.":[120,176],"Finally,":[121],"Muysken\u2019s":[122,156,272],"typological":[123,181,273],"model":[124,182,274],"adopted":[126],"patterns":[130],"function/content":[135],"words.":[136],"Data":[137],"Analysis:":[139],"Our":[140,268],"displayed":[142],"congruent":[144,214],"lexicalisation":[145],"pattern":[147,207],"our":[149,190,199,209],"Min/Mandarin":[151],"data;":[152],"values":[154],"diagnostic":[158],"features":[159],"that":[160,202,271],"favour":[163],"such":[165],"pattern,":[168],"namely":[169],"[-content":[170],"word]":[171],"[+function":[173],"word],":[174],"Findings:":[177],"Musyken\u2019s":[178],"(2000,":[179],"2013)":[180],"provides":[183],"both":[184,281],"linguistic":[185],"extra-linguistic":[187],"explanations":[188],"results,":[191],"although":[192],"some":[193],"modifications":[194],"may":[195],"needed.":[197],"Moreover,":[198],"results":[200],"suggest":[201],"even":[203],"if":[204],"Min-Mandarin":[211],"is":[213,217],"lexicalization,":[215],"not":[218],"entirely":[219],"unrestricted":[220],"but":[221],"appears":[222],"category-conditioned.":[225],"Originality:":[226],"Previous":[227,248],"studies":[228,249],"only":[231],"focus":[232],"variant":[235,265,285],"pairs.":[237,267],"The":[238],"current":[239],"examines":[241],"pair.":[246],"Significance:":[247],"empirically":[251],"inadequate":[252],"because":[253],"findings":[255],"mainly":[257],"analyses":[260],"analysis":[269],"reveals":[270],"could":[275],"account":[276],"for":[277],"similar":[283],"pairs":[287],"provide":[289],"comprehensive":[292],"examination":[293],"phenomena.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
