{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224637179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-07-26-0139-rs","title":"Strategies to Improve Fungicidal Efficacy and Longevity Against Spring Dead Spot in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Turfgrass","display_name":"Strategies to Improve Fungicidal Efficacy and Longevity Against Spring Dead Spot in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Turfgrass","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224637179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-07-26-0139-rs"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1094/php-07-26-0139-rs","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-07-26-0139-rs","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-07-26-0139-rs","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9265444","display_name":"Plant Health Progress","issn_l":"1535-1025","issn":["1535-1025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Health Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106532819","display_name":"Michael V. Battaglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4202-957X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4202-957X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael V. Battaglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arkansas Fayetteville, HORT, 495 N Campus Walk, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72701;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas Fayetteville, HORT, 495 N Campus Walk, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72701;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043658614","display_name":"David S. McCall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-9486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-9486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. McCall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, PPWS, 119 Price Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States, 24061-0331, , ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, PPWS, 119 Price Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States, 24061-0331, , ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043256213","display_name":"Michael D. Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-5774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-5774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States;","University of Arkansas, Department of Horticulture, 309 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72701, ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States;","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas, Department of Horticulture, 309 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72701, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015782042","display_name":"Travis L. Roberson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0512-7396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0512-7396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096784","display_name":"Syngenta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00shfq002","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096784","https://openalex.org/I89199228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis L. Roberson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Syngenta Crop Protection Inc, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syngenta Crop Protection Inc, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014482115","display_name":"Terry Spurlock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-4000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-4000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799691083","display_name":"University of Arkansas System","ror":"https://ror.org/05vvhh982","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799691083"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry N. Spurlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2001 HWY 70 E BOX 357, Lonoke, Arkansas, United States, 72086, ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2001 HWY 70 E BOX 357, Lonoke, Arkansas, United States, 72086, ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799691083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117290429","display_name":"Kona Blake Swift","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1877-8713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1877-8713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kona B. Swift","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arkansas Fayetteville, ENPL, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas Fayetteville, ENPL, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081801087","display_name":"Burt H. Bluhm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burt H. Bluhm","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arkansas, Plant Pathology, PTSC 217, 495 N. Campus Dr., Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72701;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas, Plant Pathology, PTSC 217, 495 N. Campus Dr., Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72701;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030491953","display_name":"Wendell J. Hutchens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-2960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-2960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendell J. Hutchens","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Horticulture, 316 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72701-4002;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Horticulture, 316 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72701-4002;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75721352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12822","display_name":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12822","display_name":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11900","display_name":"Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-dead-spot","display_name":"spring dead spot","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cynodon-dactylon","display_name":"Cynodon dactylon","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turfgrass-disease-management","display_name":"turfgrass disease management","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungicide-efficacy","display_name":"fungicide efficacy","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tebuconazole","display_name":"tebuconazole","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-volume","display_name":"carrier volume","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungicide-cost","display_name":"fungicide cost","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74600772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193237","display_name":"Fungicide","level":2,"score":0.9574999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780125187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697579","display_name":"Tebuconazole","level":3,"score":0.8955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776759703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066907","display_name":"Longevity","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780034373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508875","display_name":"Leaf spot","level":2,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993273313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61875819","display_name":"Chemical control","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777860415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414357","display_name":"Propiconazole","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1094/php-07-26-0139-rs","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-07-26-0139-rs","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/php-07-26-0139-rs","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9265444","display_name":"Plant Health Progress","issn_l":"1535-1025","issn":["1535-1025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Health Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.875},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7141776832","https://openalex.org/W4220863511","https://openalex.org/W2550417174","https://openalex.org/W1950383682","https://openalex.org/W1966392770","https://openalex.org/W2281878806","https://openalex.org/W2523656007","https://openalex.org/W7045680796","https://openalex.org/W2148014939","https://openalex.org/W3196033674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spring":[0,17],"dead":[1,18],"spot":[2,19],"(SDS)":[3],"is":[4,20,31],"a":[5,22],"challenging":[6],"disease":[7,23],"to":[8,75,78,151],"manage":[9],"in":[10,63,71,84,94,129,149,173,178,186],"places":[11],"that":[12],"experience":[13],"sub-freezing":[14],"wintertime":[15],"temperatures.":[16],"mainly":[21],"of":[24,134,193],"bermudagrass":[25],"(":[26],"Cynodon":[27],"Rich":[28],"spp.)":[29],"and":[30,73,90,166,181,211],"primarily":[32],"managed":[33],"using":[34],"chemical":[35],"practices;":[36],"however,":[37],"this":[38],"can":[39,156],"be":[40,56],"cost":[41],"prohibitive.":[42],"Additionally,":[43],"fungicides":[44,155,195],"are":[45],"most":[46],"effective":[47],"against":[48,82],"SDS":[49,83,124,142,158,201,217],"when":[50],"watered-in":[51],"post-application,":[52],"which":[53],"may":[54],"not":[55],"feasible":[57],"for":[58,159,189,215],"some":[59],"turfgrass":[60,65,208],"managers,":[61],"particularly":[62],"non-irrigated":[64,85],"systems.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"studies":[68,146],"were":[69,92,147,169,184],"conducted":[70,148],"Arkansas":[72,150],"Virginia":[74,130],"examine":[76],"strategies":[77],"improve":[79],"fungicidal":[80,218],"efficacy":[81],"bermudagrass.":[86],"In":[87],"Arkansas,":[88],"isofetamid":[89,198],"tebuconazole":[91],"applied":[93,170],"four":[95],"carrier":[96,118],"volumes":[97,119],"(407,":[98],"814,":[99],"1,628":[100],"or":[101,108,176],"4,070":[102],"L":[103],"ha":[104],"-1":[105],")":[106],"with":[107,137],"without":[109],"pre-application":[110,115],"solid":[111],"tine":[112],"aerification.":[113],"Neither":[114],"aerification":[116],"nor":[117],"had":[120],"an":[121],"effect":[122,133],"on":[123,141],"incidence.":[125],"A":[126],"separate":[127],"study":[128],"found":[131],"little":[132],"nozzle":[135],"types":[136],"varying":[138],"droplet":[139],"size":[140],"suppression.":[143],"Lastly,":[144],"multiple":[145,160,203],"determine":[152],"if":[153],"various":[154],"suppress":[157],"years,":[161],"thereby":[162],"reducing":[163],"application":[164],"frequency":[165],"costs.":[167],"Fungicides":[168],"either":[171],"once":[172],"autumn":[174,179],"2023":[175,180],"both":[177],"2024.":[182],"Plots":[183],"assessed":[185],"spring":[187],"2025":[188],"%":[190],"SDS.":[191],"Out":[192],"all":[194],"tested,":[196],"only":[197],"effectively":[199],"reduced":[200],"over":[202],"years.":[204],"These":[205],"findings":[206],"give":[207],"managers":[209],"alternative":[210],"more":[212],"cost-effective":[213],"options":[214],"improving":[216],"efficiency.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
