{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224633014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479","title":"Sodium Lactate Attenuates Paraquat-Induced Early Profibrotic Remodeling: Association with GPR81/AMPK Modulation","display_name":"Sodium Lactate Attenuates Paraquat-Induced Early Profibrotic Remodeling: Association with GPR81/AMPK Modulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224633014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/biomedicines14112479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737005842","display_name":"Biomedicines","issn_l":"2227-9059","issn":["2227-9059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160068948","display_name":"Yunlong Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156501","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vy2sc54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160084631","display_name":"Jingjing Liang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156501","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vy2sc54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015681476","display_name":"Quankuan Gu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156501","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vy2sc54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quankuan Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tonghua Central Hospital, Tonghua 134001, China","Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tonghua Central Hospital, Tonghua 134001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121853451","display_name":"Xinyue Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156501","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vy2sc54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyue Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146699551","display_name":"Haichao Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156501","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vy2sc54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haichao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152976828","display_name":"Yuhang Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156501","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vy2sc54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140743582","display_name":"Huiwen Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156501","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vy2sc54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiwen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160071256","display_name":"Wei Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156501","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vy2sc54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160071256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210156501"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8799348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"2479","last_page":"2479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13639","display_name":"Paraquat toxicity studies and treatments","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13639","display_name":"Paraquat toxicity studies and treatments","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10870","display_name":"Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-lactate","display_name":"sodium lactate","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraquat","display_name":"paraquat","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-lung-injury","display_name":"acute lung injury","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-fibrosis","display_name":"pulmonary fibrosis","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpr81","display_name":"GPR81","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ampk-signaling","display_name":"AMPK signaling","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate-signaling","display_name":"lactate signaling","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-mesenchymal-transition","display_name":"epithelial-mesenchymal transition","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-inflammation","display_name":"lung inflammation","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-reprogramming","display_name":"metabolic reprogramming","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldha","display_name":"LDHA","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1beta","display_name":"IL-1\u03b2","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a549-cells","display_name":"A549 cells","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibroblast-activation","display_name":"fibroblast activation","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/col1a1","display_name":"COL1A1","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vimentin","display_name":"vimentin","score":0.8809999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779837674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418235","display_name":"Sodium lactate","level":3,"score":0.727400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5992000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5806000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5727999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5170999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414547","display_name":"Sodium salicylate","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777318727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409464","display_name":"Lactate dehydrogenase","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123298856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15317427","display_name":"NFKB1","level":4,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780631158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14907752","display_name":"CTGF","level":4,"score":0.26649999618530273}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/biomedicines14112479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737005842","display_name":"Biomedicines","issn_l":"2227-9059","issn":["2227-9059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/biomedicines14112479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14112479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737005842","display_name":"Biomedicines","issn_l":"2227-9059","issn":["2227-9059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315049","display_name":"Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01f77gp95"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140113401","https://openalex.org/W2318614509","https://openalex.org/W2396582749","https://openalex.org/W2895817676","https://openalex.org/W4317481196","https://openalex.org/W4365802228","https://openalex.org/W4386347805","https://openalex.org/W4390236257","https://openalex.org/W4391052474","https://openalex.org/W4396676053","https://openalex.org/W4397043539","https://openalex.org/W4402030772","https://openalex.org/W4402693985","https://openalex.org/W4409035366","https://openalex.org/W4409914653","https://openalex.org/W4410280639","https://openalex.org/W4411901518","https://openalex.org/W4414084388","https://openalex.org/W4415690220","https://openalex.org/W4416020454","https://openalex.org/W7134188894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982397305","https://openalex.org/W1993302985","https://openalex.org/W2352611485","https://openalex.org/W2012341562","https://openalex.org/W1998421826","https://openalex.org/W2807767061","https://openalex.org/W2367335977","https://openalex.org/W2024496111","https://openalex.org/W2162123459","https://openalex.org/W2087402862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Early":[1],"profibrotic":[2,55,297],"remodeling":[3,56],"following":[4],"acute":[5],"lung":[6,76,105,191],"injury":[7,192],"is":[8],"a":[9,73,279,309],"major":[10],"contributor":[11],"to":[12,155,285,313],"long-term":[13],"morbidity":[14],"in":[15,28,37,79,142,230,260],"survivors":[16],"of":[17,34,216,266,281,294],"paraquat.":[18],"Although":[19],"metabolic":[20],"reprogramming":[21],"and":[22,66,107,120,130,139,163,193,202,213,220,226,240,257,288,304],"lactate":[23,35,51,118,154,186,233,245,253,275,307],"accumulation":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"implicated":[27],"fibrotic":[29,204,315],"processes,":[30],"the":[31,59,231,282,292],"regulatory":[32],"role":[33],"signaling":[36,61,131],"paraquat-induced":[38,53,295,316],"fibrogenesis":[39],"remains":[40],"poorly":[41],"understood.":[42],"In":[43,183,250],"this":[44],"study,":[45],"we":[46],"hypothesized":[47],"that":[48,273],"exogenous":[49],"sodium":[50,89,93,153,185,232,244,252,274,306],"attenuates":[52],"early":[54,296],"by":[57,198,264],"modulating":[58],"lactate\u2013GPR81\u2013AMPK":[60,283],"axis,":[62],"thereby":[63,290],"suppressing":[64],"inflammation":[65,287],"epithelial\u2013mesenchymal":[67],"transition":[68],"(EMT).":[69],"Methods:":[70],"We":[71],"established":[72],"paraquat":[74],"(PQ)-induced":[75],"injury/fibrosis":[77],"model":[78],"C57BL/6":[80],"mice,":[81],"dividing":[82],"animals":[83],"into":[84],"four":[85],"groups":[86],"(control,":[87],"PQ,":[88],"lactate,":[90],"PQ":[91,151,236],"+":[92],"lactate;":[94],"n":[95],"=":[96],"6":[97],"per":[98],"group).":[99],"At":[100],"48":[101],"h":[102],"post":[103],"intervention,":[104],"tissues":[106],"plasma":[108],"were":[109,228],"collected":[110],"for":[111],"histological":[112],"analysis":[113],"(H&E,":[114],"Masson),":[115],"Ashcroft":[116,200],"scoring,":[117],"quantification,":[119],"gene/protein":[121],"expression":[122,215],"assays":[123],"(qRT-PCR,":[124],"Western":[125],"blot)":[126],"targeting":[127],"fibrosis,":[128,195],"inflammatory,":[129],"pathway":[132,165],"markers":[133],"(COL1A1,":[134],"Vimentin,":[135,218],"\u03b1-SMA,":[136,219],"LDHA,":[137],"GPR81,":[138],"AMPK).":[140],"Parallel":[141],"vitro":[143],"experiments":[144],"used":[145],"A549":[146,261],"epithelial":[147],"cells":[148],"treated":[149],"with":[150,174],"\u00b1":[152],"assess":[156],"inflammatory":[157,258],"cytokine":[158],"release,":[159],"EMT/fibrosis":[160],"marker":[161],"changes,":[162],"GPR81/AMPK":[164,267],"activity.":[166],"Group":[167],"comparisons":[168],"utilized":[169],"t-tests":[170],"or":[171],"one-way":[172],"ANOVA,":[173],"p":[175],"<":[176],"0.05":[177],"defined":[178],"as":[179,196,278,308],"statistically":[180],"significant.":[181],"Result:":[182],"vivo,":[184],"significantly":[187],"mitigated":[188],"PQ-induced":[189,255],"structural":[190],"interstitial":[194],"shown":[197],"lower":[199],"scores":[201],"reduced":[203],"area":[205],"on":[206],"Masson":[207],"staining.":[208],"It":[209],"suppressed":[210],"both":[211],"mRNA":[212],"protein":[214],"COL1A1,":[217],"LDHA.":[221],"Inflammatory":[222],"mediators":[223],"IL-6,":[224],"IL-1\u03b2,":[225],"TNF-\u03b1":[227],"decreased":[229],"group.":[234],"Mechanistically,":[235],"exposure":[237],"upregulated":[238],"GPR81":[239],"downregulated":[241],"AMPK":[242],"expression;":[243],"partially":[246],"reversed":[247],"these":[248],"changes.":[249],"vitro,":[251],"attenuated":[254],"EMT":[256],"responses":[259],"cells,":[262],"accompanied":[263],"restoration":[265],"signaling.":[268],"Conclusions:":[269],"Our":[270],"findings":[271],"suggest":[272],"may":[276],"serve":[277],"modulator":[280],"axis":[284],"dampen":[286],"EMT,":[289],"impeding":[291],"progression":[293],"remodeling.":[298,317],"This":[299],"work":[300],"provides":[301],"mechanistic":[302],"insight":[303],"supports":[305],"potential":[310],"therapeutic":[311],"strategy":[312],"prevent":[314]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
