{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224615767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132","title":"Rapeseed Cover with Cropping System Adjustment Improves Yield and Soil Multifunctionality in Groundwater Overexploited Areas of the North China Plain","display_name":"Rapeseed Cover with Cropping System Adjustment Improves Yield and Soil Multifunctionality in Groundwater Overexploited Areas of the North China Plain","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224615767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16212132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069413614","display_name":"Mengmeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-6244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-6244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602791","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2597-1247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2597-1247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104099349","display_name":"Wenna Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1209-7872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1209-7872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenna Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124316162","display_name":"Zhenlei Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenlei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124442475","display_name":"Zijie Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4648-652X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4648-652X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijie Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4648-652X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124387653","display_name":"Xuejun Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127611982","display_name":"Ruirui Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruirui Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160075810","display_name":"Pingyuan Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000059602","display_name":"Xibin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5813-3066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5813-3066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xibin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047542946","display_name":"Wenchao Zhen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-4626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-4626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-4626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115694960","display_name":"Yandong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4068-6689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4068-6689"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yandong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4068-6689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115694960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87531075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"2132","last_page":"2132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.17000000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.1298000067472458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover-crops","display_name":"cover crops","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-cropping","display_name":"multiple cropping","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fallow-land","display_name":"fallow","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-overexploitation","display_name":"groundwater overexploitation","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-multifunctionality","display_name":"soil multifunctionality","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-dynamics","display_name":"soil water dynamics","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-water-productivity","display_name":"crop water productivity","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-enzyme-activity","display_name":"soil enzyme activity","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-available-nutrients","display_name":"soil available nutrients","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-maize","display_name":"spring maize","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winter-wheat","display_name":"winter wheat","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-china-plain","display_name":"North China Plain","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/available-phosphorus","display_name":"available phosphorus","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/available-potassium","display_name":"available potassium","score":0.972000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.8258000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177932","display_name":"Rapeseed","level":2,"score":0.6866000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108738950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7637480","display_name":"Summer fallow","level":4,"score":0.6764000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776394811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3634497","display_name":"Cropping system","level":3,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34070608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001783","display_name":"Cover crop","level":2,"score":0.4034000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149207113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water use","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116370137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227672","display_name":"No-till farming","level":4,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551340","display_name":"Water-use efficiency","level":3,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176205827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5435593","display_name":"Farm water","level":4,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141185391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045071","display_name":"Soil retrogression and degradation","level":3,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71762439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843920","display_name":"Arable land","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16212132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16212132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073},{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970711343","https://openalex.org/W2008549202","https://openalex.org/W2084279308","https://openalex.org/W2122266551","https://openalex.org/W2122278489","https://openalex.org/W2123685920","https://openalex.org/W2181108392","https://openalex.org/W2587199488","https://openalex.org/W2740255517","https://openalex.org/W2750543273","https://openalex.org/W2781794614","https://openalex.org/W2809877221","https://openalex.org/W2890490759","https://openalex.org/W2898547471","https://openalex.org/W2948489212","https://openalex.org/W2997224926","https://openalex.org/W3001596053","https://openalex.org/W3036009938","https://openalex.org/W3081820981","https://openalex.org/W3090108646","https://openalex.org/W3094415785","https://openalex.org/W3095634839","https://openalex.org/W3097588156","https://openalex.org/W3117591763","https://openalex.org/W3118703529","https://openalex.org/W3121033770","https://openalex.org/W3137592826","https://openalex.org/W3162438613","https://openalex.org/W3186927603","https://openalex.org/W3210818433","https://openalex.org/W4200344446","https://openalex.org/W4224250974","https://openalex.org/W4238312409","https://openalex.org/W4310939600","https://openalex.org/W4360612661","https://openalex.org/W4366597569","https://openalex.org/W4390542171","https://openalex.org/W4391830689","https://openalex.org/W4400339552","https://openalex.org/W4400721060","https://openalex.org/W4400843937","https://openalex.org/W4406359347","https://openalex.org/W4415602268","https://openalex.org/W4415660369","https://openalex.org/W7117122381","https://openalex.org/W7126194160","https://openalex.org/W7148781408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164755865","https://openalex.org/W2750543273","https://openalex.org/W2388365103","https://openalex.org/W2799317510","https://openalex.org/W3094440721","https://openalex.org/W1975478262","https://openalex.org/W1970711343","https://openalex.org/W2587199488","https://openalex.org/W2008549202","https://openalex.org/W3206026024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Groundwater":[0],"overexploited":[1],"areas":[2],"of":[3,14,34,140,200,209,217,224,339,393],"the":[4,12,133,138,165,173,181,187,213,221,228,285,290,306,346,394],"North":[5,395],"China":[6,396],"Plain":[7],"(NCP)":[8],"have":[9],"long":[10],"faced":[11],"challenge":[13],"balancing":[15],"agricultural":[16,383],"water":[17,27,149,157,162,189,198,215,230,243,329,367,374,384],"use":[18,231,385],"and":[19,36,45,48,68,103,124,129,144,155,220,254,262,273,319,325,342,361,365,386],"food":[20,73,388],"security.":[21,74],"Although":[22],"seasonal":[23],"fallowing":[24],"can":[25],"reduce":[26],"consumption,":[28,375],"it":[29],"also":[30,295],"leads":[31],"to":[32,63,322],"underutilization":[33],"land":[35],"climatic":[37],"resources,":[38],"environmental":[39],"risks":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42,266,268],"wind":[43],"erosion":[44],"dust":[46],"dispersal,":[47],"losses":[49],"in":[50,90,111,132,236,240,390],"grain":[51,153,308,313,363],"production.":[52],"Integrating":[53],"cover":[54,143,282,351],"crops":[55],"with":[56,83,172,310,352],"multiple-cropping":[57],"systems":[58],"offers":[59],"an":[60],"important":[61],"approach":[62],"improving":[64],"soil":[65,148,151,188,250,291,359],"ecological":[66],"functioning":[67,360],"resource-use":[69],"efficiency":[70],"while":[71],"ensuring":[72],"In":[75,302],"this":[76],"study,":[77],"a":[78,377],"field":[79],"experiment":[80],"was":[81,98,119,203,294],"conducted":[82],"two":[84,104,108,356],"one":[85],"harvest":[86],"per":[87],"year":[88],"systems,":[89,110],"which":[91,112],"fallow":[92,113,166,175,287],"(FM)":[93],"or":[94,115],"winter":[95,116,127,141,193,233,280,299,349],"rapeseed":[96,117,142,160,194,248,281,300,350],"(RM)":[97],"followed":[99,120],"by":[100,121,126,168,192,232,316],"spring":[101,122,201,218],"maize,":[102],"three":[105,353],"harvests":[106,354],"over":[107,355],"years":[109,357],"(FMWM)":[114],"(RMWM)":[118],"maize":[123,131,183,202,219],"then":[125],"wheat":[128],"summer":[130,210],"following":[134],"year.":[135],"We":[136],"evaluated":[137],"effects":[139,223],"cropping-system":[145,379],"adjustment":[146],"on":[147],"dynamics,":[150],"multifunctionality,":[152],"yield,":[154,309],"crop":[156,366],"productivity.":[158],"Winter":[159,247],"increased":[161,249,362],"consumption":[163,199,216,244],"during":[164,180],"period":[167],"12.6\u201336.2":[169],"mm":[170,205],"compared":[171],"corresponding":[174,286],"treatments.":[176,246,288],"However,":[177],"abundant":[178,225],"rainfall":[179,226],"subsequent":[182],"season":[184],"compensated":[185],"for":[186,381],"deficit":[190],"caused":[191],"cover.":[195,301],"On":[196],"average,":[197],"86.6":[204],"higher":[206,214,278,297],"than":[207,283],"that":[208],"maize.":[211],"Consequently,":[212,289],"compensating":[222],"offset":[227],"extra":[229],"rapeseed,":[234],"resulting":[235],"no":[237],"significant":[238],"differences":[239],"two-year":[241,311,372],"cumulative":[242,312,373],"among":[245],"available":[251,260,263],"nutrient":[252],"contents":[253],"enzyme":[255],"activities.":[256],"Soil":[257],"alkali-hydrolyzable":[258],"nitrogen,":[259],"potassium,":[261],"phosphorus":[264],"contents,":[265],"well":[267],"sucrase,":[269],"urease,":[270],"alkaline":[271],"phosphatase,":[272],"catalase":[274],"activities,":[275],"were":[276],"significantly":[277,370],"under":[279,284,298,331],"multifunctionality":[292],"index":[293],"generally":[296],"addition,":[303],"RMWM":[304,332],"achieved":[305],"highest":[307],"yield":[314,364],"increasing":[315,371],"56.1%,":[317],"47.6%,":[318],"8.9%":[320],"relative":[321],"FM,":[323],"RM,":[324],"FMWM,":[326],"respectively.":[327,344],"Crop":[328],"productivity":[330,368],"reached":[333],"1.7":[334],"kg":[335],"m\u22123,":[336],"representing":[337],"increases":[338],"56.4%,":[340],"47.8%,":[341],"9.4%,":[343],"Overall,":[345],"system":[347],"combining":[348],"improved":[358],"without":[369],"providing":[376],"feasible":[378],"option":[380],"optimizing":[382],"safeguarding":[387],"security":[389],"groundwater-depleted":[391],"regions":[392],"Plain.":[397]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
